马克思异化理论与卢卡奇物化理论之比较--基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《历史与阶级意识》

A comparison between Marx’s Theory of Alienation and Lukacs’Theory of Materialization--Based on Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and History and Class Consciousness

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中对异化劳动做了较为详细的论述,而卢卡奇则以马克思的“商品拜物教”为基点,在《历史与阶级意识》中论述了物化理论,形成了关于马克思异化理论的新论述。两者既具有相似性又存在着差异性。相似性在于两者的批判对象是一致的、理论建构的相似以及均与商品拜物教有关;差异性主要体现于两者在概念、理论起点和扬弃途径上有所差别。通过两者的比较,可以得到一些重要启示:在个人层面,要正确看待异化,认识到没有绝对的自由,自觉抵制拜物教;在国家层面,要重视意识形态领域的建设,正确对待科技的作用,保障人的个性发展。

Marx made a detailed discussion on alienated labor in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,while Lukacs took Marx’s“commodity fetishism”as the base point and discussed the materialization theory in History and Class Consciousness,formed a new discuss of Marx’s alienation theory.There are both similarities and differences between them.The similarities lie in the fact that their critical objects are the same,their theoretical constructions are similar,and both are related to commodity fetishism.The differences are mainly reflected in the difference in the concept,theoretical starting point and the way of sublation.By comparing their theories,we can derive some important enlightenment:on an individual level,we should have a correct understanding of alienation,recognize the absence of absolute freedom,and consciously resist fetishism.On a national level,there should be an emphasis on building the ideological domain,a proper appreciation of technology’s role,and the protection of individual personality development.