基于图式语言理论的马尔康市嘉绒藏族聚落空间研究——以直波、松岗、代基为例

A Study of the Settlement Space of Gyalrong Tibetan Villages in Barkam Based on Pattern Language Theory:Exemplified by Chupo,Zonggag,and Dekyi Villages

文章选取马尔康市直波村、松岗村、代基村3个典型的嘉绒藏族传统聚落为研究对象,以图式语言为理论基础,通过提炼并总结空间格局的图式语言来解释聚落空间形成、演变的原因。研究发现:(1)聚落整体空间格局呈现“宗教空间—连接空间—居住空间”的序列,民居建筑围绕宗教建筑呈向心型布局。(2)聚落的发展符合图式语言的语法、句法逻辑,构成整个聚落空间的要素可按照传统的宗教和风水观念进行空间叠合与组织。(3)同一民族文化背景下不同区域的聚落空间组织模式在不同地理环境中存在差异化表达,但聚落的图示语言具有共性特点。构建聚落空间格局的图式语言体系,对于未来传统藏族聚落的保护与利用具有一定的理论支撑作用。

This article uses the pattern language theory to analyse and synthesise the spatial pattern language in three typical traditional Gyalrong Tibetan settlements,namely Chupo Village,Zonggag Village,and Dekyi Village,in Barkam in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Southwest China.It elucidates the factors influencing the formation and evolution of settlement spaces in the three villages.The article reveals that:(1)The general spatial pattern of the settlements follows the sequence of‘religious space–connecting space–residential space’,with dwellings arranged centripetally around religious buildings.(2)The spatial morphology of the settlements aligns with the grammatical and syntactic principles of pattern language,and the compositional elements constituting the whole settlement space are superimposed and organised based on traditional religious and feng shui beliefs.(3)The organisational patterns of the settlements with a shared ethnic and cultural root demonstrate distinct spatial expressions regarding different geographic settings,while their pattern language presents shared characteristics.The article concludes that the recognition of a spatial pattern language system for traditional Tibetan settlements provides a theoretical foundation for their protection and use in the future.