潘世义还是邬达克——上海息焉堂设计师疑案解析

Pan Shiyi or L.E.Hudec:Investigating the Pending of the Architect behind the Sieh Yih Chapel in Shanghai

近二十多年来,上海天主教息焉堂设计师渐成疑案,目前有两种说法:政府建筑管理部门采用建筑学术界的邬达克说,政府宗教管理部门、天主教会和宗教学术界坚持潘世义说。文章通过对新老书证的辨析,对史实的正、反考证,对关键人物的采访以及实地考察,从教堂呈现的神学构思、息焉公墓发起人的构成和作用、建堂经费、邬潘两人宗教信仰和建筑风格差异等角度进行逻辑推理,再考察国民政府建筑管理制度,得出结论:息焉堂由潘世义设计并监造,但在其设计、监造的那个时段,在国民政府初建、试错和修订建筑师管理制度的过程中,潘世义临时失去职业资格,由邬达克挂名请领了营造执照。

The identity of the architect of the Sieh Yih Chapel in Shanghai has remained controversial for the past two decades.There are two hypotheses:the official narrative from the government’s architectural administration follows the established viewpoint from architectural historians,attributing the design of the chapel to L.E.Hudec(1893–1958),while the religious administration,the Catholic Church in China,and scholars of religious studies insist that the chapel was designed by Pan Shiyi(1890–1948)instead.This article investigates this intriguing case by scrutinising both previously known and newly discovered documentary evidences,corroborating historical records,interviewing key figures,and conducting on-site investigations.Deduction is conducted based on the theological underpinning embodied in the chapel’s design,the composition of the founders of the Sieh Yih Cemetery and their influence on the chapel’s construction,the chapel’s funding source,and the differences in religious faiths and architectural styles between Hudec and Pan.The findings suggest that the Sieh Yih Chapel was most likely designed and its construction supervised by Pan.However,during its design and construction,the Nationalist government was going through the initial phase of formulating,trialling,and revising the management protocol for architects.During this period,Pan temporarily lost his professional accreditation.Hudec then stepped in as the registered architect for licensing purpose.