中西医结合嗅觉障碍诊断和治疗专家共识

Expert consensus on the integrative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of olfactory dysfunction

嗅觉在人们生活的多个方面发挥重要的作用,包括营养健康、日常安全、人际交往等。觉障碍是患者对气味感知异常。嗅觉通路出现器质性或/和功能性病变,导致对气味的觉察、传导和中枢整合信息异常。嗅觉与神经系统障碍之间存在广泛联系。焦虑、抑郁及其他负面情绪均与嗅觉降低相关。嗅觉障碍诊疗在各研究领域都有长足进展,特别是中西医结合治疗模式,是我国耳鼻喉科治疗嗅觉障碍的特色及优势。但中西医结合诊疗觉障碍仍缺少高水平的循证医学证据,且如何规范化使用中西医结合治疗尚无统一的规范,基于此,我们组织了全国在嗅觉障碍诊疗中具有丰富经验的中医和西医的专家,针对嗅觉障碍相关的各个方面制定了中西医结合嗅觉障碍诊断和治疗专家共识。以供临床医生采用中西医结合方案诊疗嗅觉障碍时参考。

Ofactory plays a significant role in various aspects of human life,including nutritional health,everyday safety,and social interactions.Olfactory dysfunction refers to an abnormal perception of odors by patients.This can be due to organic and/or functional lesions in the olfactory pathway,leading to abnormalities in odor detection,transmission,and central integration of information.There is a broad connection between olfactory impairment and neurological disorders.Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotional states are associated with a reduced sense of smell.The diagnosis and treatment of olfactory disorders have made considerable progress across various research fields,especially the integrative treatment approach combining traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine,which is a distinctive feature and strength of the otolaryngology field in China.However,the integrative approach to diagnosing and treating olfactory disorders stil lacks high-level evidence from evidence-based medicine,and there is no unified standard for the standardized use of this integrative treatment.In light of this,we have organized experts in traditional Chinese and Western medicine with extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of olfactory disorders from across the nation to develop a consensus on the integrative approach to the diagnosis and treatment of olfactory disorders.This consensus is intended to serve as a reference for clinicians when adopting integrative Chinese and Western medical treatments for olfactory disorders.