维持性血液透析患者营养素养现状、影响因素及护理策略

Nursing strategies for nutritional literacy of patients with maintenance haemodialysis:current status and influencing factors

目的调查维持性血液透析患者营养素养现状及其影响因素并总结相关护理策略。方法选择2021年4月至2023年4月在本院进行维持性血液透析的120例患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表和终末期肾脏病透析患者营养素养评价量表进行调查,采用多重线性回归分析患者营养素养的影响因素。结果120例维持性血液透析患者营养素养偏低的例数占比57.50%(69/120),营养素养总分(15.08±1.63)分,处于中等偏下水平;各维度得分率从高到低信息获取能力>认知态度>营养知识>行为实践能力。多重线性回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、透析龄、家庭月收入、焦虑、抑郁、营养状况和生活自理能力是维持性血液透析患者营养素养的影响因素,共同解释其87.10%的变异(均P<0.05)。结论维持性血液透析患者营养素养水平中等偏下,需关注患者年龄大、文化程度低、透析龄长、家庭月收入低、焦虑和抑郁、营养风险高和生活自理能力差等情况制定相应护理策略。

Objective To investigate current status and influencing factors of nutritional literacy among the patients under maintenance haemodialysis hence to develop relevant nursing strategies.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent maintenance haemodialysis in our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were included in the study.General information questionnaire and the nutritional literacy evaluation scale for dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease were used in the investigation.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the factors that affected the nutritional literacy of patients.Results Among the 120 patients,69 had nutritional deficiencies,accounting for 57.50%(69/120).The total score of the nutritional literacy was(15.08±1.63),which was found under middle level and accumulated from following dimensions:ability to access information,recognition attitude the nutritional knowledge,practice ability score.Multiple linear regression analysis showed age,education,years of dialysis,monthly family income,anxiety and depression,nutriton status,and self-management ability were the influencing factors of the nutritional literacy,jointly explaining a 87.10%of variance(all P<0.05).Conclusions The nutritional literacy of patients under maintenance haemodialysis is found under middle level.Therefore,it is necessary to formulate the pertinent nursing strategies according to the condition of patients under maintenance haemodialysis.