口述史的主体性与客观性

The Subjectivity and Objectivity of Oral History

口述史的主体性即前人习称的主观性,是一个外行最容易关注的话题,总体上属隔岸观花,文献本位观影响了对口述史的理解。从本质上说,所有的历史知识来源于人类的大脑记忆,口述与笔书均是大脑记忆的不同表达形态。个人记忆既是人观,又是一观,这种微观认知是建立一切更大单位历史的前提。客观是“众观”基础上的专业“一观”。有了不同的人观,才有不同类型的群体史、集体史客观建构。

The subjectivity of oral history,which is the habitual subjectivity of preceding generations,is what laypeople are most likely to pay attention to.Overall,laymen’s attention to oral history is like a bystander appreciating all the fascinating scenery at a crossroads.At the same time,the literature-based view has also shaped public understanding of oral history.Essentially,all historical knowledge comes from human brain memory,and thus oral and written forms of history are different expressions of brain memory.Individual memory pertains to both a human perspective and a holistic perspective,and this micro cognition is a prerequisite for establishing the history of all larger units.Meanwhile,objectivity is a professional“one view”based on the“public view”.Only with different perspectives on the part of different people can there be objective constructions of different types of group history and collective history.