2022年南京都市圈成蚊生态学监测分析

Ecological monitoring on adult mosquitoes in theNanjing metropolitan area in 2022

目的分析南京都市圈2022年蚊密度、种群构成和季节消长规律,为蚊虫防治和预防蚊媒传染病提供科学依据。方法按经纬度自北向南选择5个地区为监测点,采用诱蚊灯法开展成蚊监测。采用Excel 2010软件进行数据整理,用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果2022年南京都市圈5个监测点捕获雌蚊6070只,蚊密度为0.63只/(灯·h),其中监测点D蚊密度最高,监测点E蚊密度最低。捕获蚊虫隶属2亚科4属5种,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊,中华按蚊、骚扰阿蚊和白纹伊蚊是常见蚊种。总体蚊密度季节消长趋势呈单峰分布,7月达峰值,为2.11只/(灯·h)。监测点A、监测点B、监测点D的蚊密度季节消长趋势呈单峰分布,监测点C呈双峰分布。农村地区牲畜棚蚊密度最高,其次为农户,城镇以公园蚊密度最高,医院蚊密度最低。不同生境各蚊种构成差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=939.157,P<0.001)。结论南京都市圈蚊密度总体处于较低水平,呈明显的季节消长,优势蚊种为淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊,牲畜棚、农户和公园是重点防治生境。

Objective To analyze the density,population composition and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in the Nanjing metropolitan area in 2022,providing scientific basis for the control of mosquitoes and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.Methods Five regions were selected as monitoring points from north to south based on latitude and longitude,and lamp trapping method was adopted for adult mosquito monitoring.Excel 2010 software was employed for data processing,and SPSS 25.0 software was for statistical analysis.Results In 2022,6070 female mosquitoes were captured at 5 monitoring points in the Nanjing metropolitan area,with a mosquito density of 0.63 insects/(lamp·h).Monitoring point D held the highest mosquito density,while monitoring point E held the lowest.The mosquitoes captured in the Nanjing metropolitan area belonged to 5 species in 4 genera of 2 subfamilies.The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus.Anopheles sinensis,Anopheles harassus and Aedes albopictus were the common mosquito species.The seasonal fluctuation trend of the overall mosquito density showed a unimodal pattern,with a peak in July as 2.11 insects/(lamp·h).The seasonal fluctuations of mosquito density in monitoring point A,D and B were unimodal,while that in monitoring point C was bimodal.Rural areas had the highest mosquito density in livestock sheds,followed by farmers’houses.In urban areas,parks had the highest mosquito density,while hospitals had the lowest.There were statistically significant differences in the composition of mosquito species in different habitats(χ^(2)=939.157,P<0.001).Conclusion The overall mosquito density in the Nanjing metropolitan area is at a relatively low level,showing significant seasonal fluctuation.The dominant mosquito species are Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus.Livestock sheds,farmers,and parks are key habitats for prevention and control.