2022年北京冬奥会张家口赛区潜在鼠疫自然疫源地调查研究

Investigation on potential natural foci of plague in Zhangjiakou competition zone of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games

目的分析2022年北京冬奥会张家口赛区(崇礼区)和河北省鼠疫自然疫源地(康保县)2018—2021年鼠疫调查资料,对比两地宿主媒介构成和自然地理景观差异,为崇礼区潜在鼠疫自然疫源地的研究提供科学依据。方法2018—2021年在崇礼区和康保县采用5 m夹线法和样方法捕获鼠类,对捕获鼠类及其媒介蚤类进行分类、鉴定;开展鼠疫病原学检测;使用Excel 2010对调查数据进行整理汇总,应用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行统计学分析。结果在崇礼区,采用5 m夹线法有效布夹42000夹次,捕鼠515只,捕获率为1.23%;样方法调查20个样点,未捕到鼠;获鼠体蚤218只,蚤指数为0.42;在鼠体内均未检出鼠疫菌。在康保县,采用5 m夹线法有效布夹14844夹次,捕鼠304只,捕获率为2.05%;样方法共调查1060 hm^(2),捕鼠231只,平均鼠密度为0.22只/hm^(2);获鼠体蚤821只,蚤指数为1.53;在鼠体内共检出鼠疫菌6株,其中分离自长爪沙鼠3株、黑线仓鼠2株、黑线毛足鼠1株。崇礼区黑线仓鼠平均鼠密度明显低于康保县(Z=-2.309,P<0.05)。结论崇礼区与康保县的鼠种和媒介蚤类构成有明显不同,自然地理景观也存在明显差异,崇礼区发生原发性动物间鼠疫流行的可能性不大。

Objective To analyze the survey data of plague in Zhangjiakou competition zone(Chongli District)of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and plague natural focus(Kangbao County)of Hebei Province from2018 to 2021,and compare the differences in host and vector composition and physical geography landscape between the two areas,so as to provide scientific basis for the study of potential plague natural focus in Chongli District.Methods From2018 to 2021,rodents were captured by the 5m-clip method and sampling method in Chongli District and Kangbao County,and the captured rodents and vector fleas were classified and identified;Pathogenic detection of plague was carried out.The survey data were organized and summarized using Excel 2010,and statistical analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software.Results In Chongli District,42000 effective clamps were placed by the 5m-clip method,and 515 rodents were captured with the capture rate as 1.23%;20 sample points were surveyed,but no rodents was captured;218 rodent body fleas were captured,and the flea index was 0.42;Yersinia pestis was not detected in rodents.In Kangbao County,14844 effective clamps were placed by the 5m-clip method,and 304 rodents were captured with the capture rate as 2.05%;A total of 1060 hm^(2)were surveyed,and 231 rodents were captured,with the average rodent density as 0.22 rodents/hm^(2);821 rodent body fleas were captured,and the flea index was 1.53;Six strains of Yersinia pestis were detected from rodents,three from Meriones unguiculatus,two from Cricetulus barabensis,and one from Phodopus sungorus.The average density of Cricetulus barabensis in Chongli District was significantly lower than that in Kangbao County(Z=-2.309,P<0.05).Conclusion The composition of rodents and vector fleas in Chongli District and Kangbao County are obviously different,and there are also obvious differences in physical geography landscape.It is unlikely that primary plague among animals will occur in Chongli District.