湛湛江水上有枫:论中国古代诗词中的枫意象

Deep and Clear Yangtze River and Maple Trees on Its Rivershores:on the Image of Maple Trees in Ancient Chinese Poetry

枫意象的文学书写历程漫长而丰富,其各种基本的情感意蕴和表达方式,从战国后期开始逐渐发展,至唐代得到了定型,宋以后又有进一步扩充。枫意象具有强烈的情感寄寓与鲜明的审美特性,其所表达的往往是与还乡母题密切关联的悲感情绪,揭示了人生永在漂泊与求索的生存本质;枫叶具有霜后转丹的特点,在文学中往往被置于秋季萧索的背景下,或与其他素淡之物并置,呈现出素以为绚的审美特色。枫意象的书写主要采用了感物兴情而非托物寓情的方式,较鲜明地呈现出非道德化、非人格化的特点,体现了天人合一思维中的审美品质;枫意象具有泛化性的指向功能,既包括了各种槭树,也常作为枫香树的简称,还可指代所有秋季红叶树木甚至落叶树木。

The literary writing process of maple image was long and rich,and its basic emotional implication and expression methods gradually developed from the late Warring States period to the Tang Dynasty,and further expanded after the Song Dynasty.The image of maple has strong emotional sustenance and distinct aesthetic characteristics,which often expresses the sad emotion closely related to the theme of returning home,and reveals the survival essence of life which is always wandering and seeking.Maple leaf has the characteristic of turning red after frost,which is often placed in the background of autumn in literature,or juxtated with other plain things,showing aesthetic characteristics of“using a plain background color to bring out the beauty”.The writing of maple image mainly adopts the way of feeling things first and expressing emotions then rather than using things to express their feelings euphemistically,clearly shows the characteristics of non-moralization and non-personalization,and embodies the aesthetic quality of the thought of the unity of heaven and man.Maple image has a generalized pointing function,including a variety of“maple trees”,and is often used as a short term for Chinese sweet gum,and can also refer to all autumn red leaf trees and even deciduous trees.