中国制造业企业出口能否促进共同富裕?——基于劳动收入份额的视角

Can the Export of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises Promote Common Prosperity?--From the Perspective of Labor Income Share

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征,完善收入分配制度是实现共同富裕的重要路径。文章运用异质性企业理论,利用中国工业企业数据、中国海关贸易数据对中国制造业企业出口影响劳动收入份额的方向和效果进行了多时点DID和灵活DID检验。研究发现:出口能显著提升企业的劳动收入份额;异质性检验表明,出口对劳动收入份额的提升作用在低生产率企业、非国有企业、出口高技术产品的企业以及高市场集中度行业的企业中表现得更为显著;持续期检验表明,即使企业出口转为内销,出口对劳动收入份额的提升作用依然持续;影响机制检验表明,企业出口对劳动收入份额的影响存在正向的劳动收入效应和负向的生产率效应,其中,劳动收入效应占主导地位。因此,中国应继续推进贸易自由化进程,鼓励非国有企业对外开放、推动制造业转型升级、鼓励高市场集中度行业对外开放,同时进一步优化劳动力市场结构、不断完善社会保障体系。

Common prosperity is an important feature of Chinese path to modernization,and improving the income distribution system is a precondition for achieving common prosperity.This paper applies the theory of heterogeneous enterprises and conducts time-varying DID and flexible DID tests on the direction and effect of labor income share affected by exports of Chinese manufacturing enterprises by using data from Chinese industrial enterprises and Chinese customs.It has been found out that exports can significantly increase a company's share of labor income;the heterogeneity test results indicate that the effect of exports on the share of labor income is more significant in lowproductivity enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises,enterprises exporting high-tech products,and enterprises in industries with high market concentration;the duration test shows that even if a company's exports are converted to domestic sales,the effect of exports on the share of labor income still persists;the impact mechanism test reveals that there are positive labor income effect and negative productivity effect on the labor income share of enterprise exports,in which the labor income effect dominates.Therefore,China should continue to promote the process of trade liberalization,encourage non-state-owned enterprises to open up to the outside world,facilitate the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,encourage industries with high market concentration to open up to the outside world,further optimize the labor market structure and establish a sound social security system.