从学术概念到文学文体的迁移——文类语境下古代小说的演进逻辑

The Transfer from Academic Concept to Literary Style--The Evolutionary Logic of Ancient Novels in the Context of Literary Genre

先秦至汉代,小说是一种学术概念;汉末至唐,小说是一种广义的文类概念;由宋至清,小说不仅是一种文类概念,更是一种文体概念。这三种小说概念的演进契机是时代与文风的丕变。在中国古代的文类语境下,概念小说通过向各散文文体的迁移,最终形成了小说的各种子文体:向笔记文体迁移,形成了笔记体小说;向杂史杂传迁移,形成了传记体小说。这是古代小说在中国古代文类语境下的独特演进逻辑,也是小说文体在演进过程中自我扬弃、创新的本质体现,这对于我们思考古代文学中其他文体迁移现象或有启示意义。

From the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty,the novel is an academic concept;from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty,the novel is a broad concept of literary genre;from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,the novel is not only a concept of genre,but also a concept of style.The evolution of these three novel concepts is due to the change of times and style of writing.In the context of ancient Chinese literary genres,the novel eventually formed its various sub-styles through the transfer from the conceptual novel to various prose styles;the note-style novel through the transfer to the note style;the biographical novel through the transfer to the unofficial history and miscellaneous biography.This is the unique evolutionary logic of ancient novels in the context of ancient Chinese literary genres and a reflection of the essence of self-sublation and innovation of novel styles in the evolutionary process as well,which may be instructive for us to think about other stylistic transfer phenomena in ancient literature.