体例、体式和体制:从《史通》《文史通义》的对话论早期史文之形态

Stylistic Rules,Genres and Textual System:A Discussion on the Morphology of Early Historical Texts from the Dialogues between Shi Tong(《史通》)and Wen Shi Tong Yi(《文史通义》)

《史通》《文史通义》围绕早期史文发生了学术史上的诸多对话,透视并接续二者对话中的思考,则可更深入把握早期史文之形态。首先,二书关于《尚书》之史体的论说,历来多误解为言说文体,廓清这一误读则可知史体与文体在《尚书》中呈现为“体—例”的组合形态。其次,二书关于言、事关系的思考,揭示了言、事构成的“文集”与“史书”之间的体式张力,而从文集向史书转换需实现“事之始末的完备”的史体层面的构造。再次,二书关于宗旨与文本体制关系的思考,表明作为价值系统的史义与作为历史规律的事理决定了史文的不同偏向,而二者张力下的体制异趋凸显了论说与叙事自融而未分到逐渐溢出的过程。

There have been many dialogues in the academic history in Shi Tong and Wen Shi Tong Yi about the early historical texts.If we can thoroughly understand and continue the thinking on the dialogues between them,we will have a deeper understanding of the morphology of the early historical texts.First of all,the discussion about the historical style of The Book of Documents has always been misinterpreted as discussing the literary style.If we clear up this misinterpretation,we can see that the historical style and the literary style present the combined form of stylistic rules in The Book of Documents.Secondly,their thinking on the relationship between articles and events reveals the tension between the anthology and the historical book,and the transformation from an anthology to a historical book requires the structure of the historical style,which is the completeness of the beginning and end of events.Thirdly,their thinking on the relationship between the purpose and the textual system shows that the historical meaning as a value system and the historical regularity as laws determine the different directions of the textual system of the historical texts,and the divergence under the tension between the purpose and the textual system highlights the process of two elements of exposition and narrative thus going from fusion to gradual separation.