“把个”句的意外类型及“个”的信息标记调整功能

The Mirativity Type of Ba Ge Sentences and the Function of Ge as an Information Marker

传统语法研究认为,“把个”句表示发生不如意的事或意外,“个”是无定宾语标记,属于句法标记范畴。文章在对事件表述空间二分和意外类型三分的基础上,验证了“把个”句是典型的言者意外句,事件表述的命题空间与交际空间之间事件信息的不一致是引发言者意外的基础语义条件。其中,“个”是言者意外标记,而非无定宾语标记,属于信息标记范畴。“个”的添加还使句子由包含信息焦点和位置可变的对比焦点的双焦点结构,转化为位置固定的信息焦点、对比焦点与话题焦点共存的双层事件空间多焦点结构。

Traditional grammatical research holds that the"Ba Ge(把个)"sentence indicates something unsatisfactory or an accident that has occurred."Ge"is a syntactic marker of indefinite object.This paper further verifies that the"Ba Ge"sentence is a typical speaker-mirativity sentence on the basis of the dichotomy of the event expression space and the trichotomy of the mirativity type.The mirativity of speakers is caused by the inconsistency of the event information between the propositional space and communication space of event expressions."Ge"is a kind of information marker,marking speaker-mirativity rather than indefinite object in sentences."Ge"changes the information structure of sentences from dual-focus with new information and variable contrastive focus to multi-focus with new information,contrastive focus and topic focus coexisting in two-tier representation space of events.