云南菠萝蜜园优势科蛾类的时空生态位分析

Spatio-temporal niche analysis of dominant mothsin jackfruit orchards in Yunnan Province

【目的】探明菠萝蜜园的蛾类群落组成、优势科时空生态位特征,为害虫的监测预警和生态控制等提供参考依据。【方法】采用灯光诱集的方法收集菠萝蜜园蛾类标本,并进行分类鉴定和统计,利用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠分析主要蛾类的时、空资源占有情况及群落间的竞争共存关系。【结果】共收集到蛾类10科47种,各科物种数占总物种数的比例及其个体数量相对多度均大于5%的优势科为天蛾科(29.79%,48.58%)、灯蛾科(19.15%,24.23%)、毒蛾科(17.02%,9.24%)、螟蛾科(10.64%,5.18%)和尺蛾科(8.51%,7.84%)。优势科的时空生态位宽度普遍较大,生态位重叠主要表现为“宽-宽”型重叠;个体数量相对多度大于1%的7个科两两配对,21对组合中,在时间和空间2个一维生态位上所有组合均具有重叠意义(Q_(ij)>0.3),在时间和空间维度上分别有8对和7对组合显著重叠(Q_(ij)>0.6),但在时空二维生态位上具有重叠意义的组合降低到10对,且仅有1对组合显著重叠。【结论】菠萝蜜园蛾类优势科对时空资源占有能力普遍较强,且优势科之间的时空生态位重叠较大,其在时空生态位以外的其他资源维度可能存在较大的分化是其实现共存的原因。

【Aim】Exploring the community composition and spatio-temporal niches of dominant families of moths in jackfruit orchard to provide a reference basis for monitoring,warning,and ecological control of pests.【Method】The moths in jackfruit orchard were collected using the light trapping method for classification,identification,and statistics.The Levins niche width and Pianka niche overlap index were used to analyze the temporal and spatial resource occupancy of major moths as well as the competitive coexistence relationship between communities.【Result】A total of 47 species of moths belonging to 10 families were collected.The dominant families with a proportion of species and a relative abundance greater than 5%were:Sphingidae(29.79%,48.58%),Arctiidae(19.15%,24.23%),Lymantridae(17.02%,9.24%),Pyralididae(10.64%,5.18%),Geometridae(8.51%,7.84%).The spatio-temporal niche width of dominant families was generally larger,and the main types of niche overlap are"wide wide"types.7 families with a relative abundance greater than 1%were paired to form 21 pairs of combinations.All the combinations have overlapping meanings in both the temporal and spatial one-dimensional niches.In the temporal and spatial dimensions,there were eight and seven pairs of combinations with significant overlaps,respectively.However,in the spatiotemporal two-dimensional niche,the number of combinations with overlapping significance decreased to 10 pairs,with only one pair of combinations significantly overlapping.【Conclusion】The dominant families of moths in jackfruit orchards generally have strong ability to occupy time and space resources.The spatial and temporal niche overlaps of dominant families are larger.There may be a significant separation in resource dimensions other than the space-time niche,which is the reason for their coexistence.