侧深施肥条件下不同施氮模式对稻田氮素流失和产量的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Models on Nitrogen Loss and Yield in Paddy Field under the Condition of Side-deep Fertilization

为探究侧深施肥条件下不同施氮模式对稻田氮素流失和产量的影响,设置8个处理:常规施肥处理、速效氮肥处理、缓释氮肥低剂量处理、缓释氮肥高剂量处理、水稻侧深专用肥处理、无肥处理、秧盘带肥低剂量处理和秧盘带肥高剂量处理。结果表明:水稻生长季渗漏损失主要受施氮量的影响,渗漏液中硝态氮、铵态氮和总氮浓度随土壤深度增加呈降低的趋势;与常规施肥处理相比较,速效氮肥、缓释氮肥低剂量、缓释氮肥高剂量以及秧盘带肥低剂量、秧盘带肥高剂量处理增产6.2%、18.3%、12.2%、0.6%和9.1%,而侧深专用肥处理和无肥处理对水稻的有效穗、着粒数、结实率影响较小。综合考虑,在农业生产节本增效和环境效益的前提下,采用缓释氮肥减量处理和秧盘带肥低剂量处理是可供选择的环境友好型施肥模式。

In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen application patterns on nitrogen loss and yield in paddy fields under the condition of side-deep fertilization,eight treatments were set up:conventional fertilization,quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with low dose,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with high dose,special fertilizer for rice lateral deep fertilization,no fertilizer treatment,low-dose fertilizer with seedling tray and high-dose fertilizer with seedling tray.The results showed that the leakage loss of rice in growing season was mainly affected by nitrogen application rate,and the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen in leakage solution basically decreased with the increase of soil depth;Compared with conventional fertilization treatments,the yield increased by 6.2%,18.3%,12.2%,0.6%and 9.1%in the treatments of quick-available nitrogen fertilizer,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with low dosage,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer with high dosage and seedling tray with high dosage,while the effect of side-deep special fertilizer treatment and no fertilizer treatment on effective panicle,grain number and seed setting rate of rice was little.Considering comprehensively,under the premise of saving cost and increasing efficiency in agricultural production and environmental benefits,the application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment and seedling tray fertilizer low-dose treatment are the optional environment-friendly fertilization modes.