论数据要素的市场供需信号本质:数据分类、价值来源与形态演进

The Essence of Data Elements Is The Market Supply and Demand Signal:Data Classification,Value Source and Form Evolution

当前对于数据要素的研究存在三个理论问题,即数据分类不清、数据价值来源不定、数据要素本质界定不明。这直接影响了数据要素的进一步开发使用。本文将数据分为经济数据与非经济数据,其中经济数据又可进一步分为技术信息、经营信息和用户原创内容。数据要素则对应了商业秘密中的经营信息,本质是市场供需信号。捕捉、记录信息的过程耗费了人类劳动,属于非生产性劳动,因此供需信号本身不创造劳动价值。从数据要素的运作原理看,流通环节的数据要素传递加速了资本循环,生产环节的数据要素节约了资本投入。对于数据要素而言,如符合“秘密性”“价值性”和“保密性”三个构成要件,则可以适用商业秘密的相关规定对其进行保护。

Currently,there are three theoretical issues in the research of data elements:unclear classification of data,uncertain source of data value,and ambiguous definition of data elements.These factors directly affect the further development and utilization of data elements.The present study categorizes data into economic and noneconomic types,with economic data further divided into technical information,business information,and user-generated content.Data elements correspond to business information in trade secrets,which is essentially a market supply and demand signal.The process of capturing and recording information requires human labor but is unproductive;therefore,the supply and demand signal itself does not generate labor value.From the operational perspective of the data elements,their transmission in circulation accelerates capital cycles,whereas their use in production saves capital input.For data elements,if they meet the three constitutive requirements of“confidentiality,”“value,”and“secrecy,”relevant provisions on trade secrets can be applied to protect them.