论我国公共数据开放的层次化规制

Regulation on the Hierarchical Opening Up of Public Data in China

公共数据是政府、事业单位等部门在依法履行公共职能的过程中收集、处理形成的数据,具有体量大、价值高、种类多等特征。公共数据开放有助于激活数据价值,服务数字经济社会发展,是构建数字政府的重要环节。基于利益平衡理论,公共数据开放应当兼顾数据安全与公平利用,实现有区别的层次化规制。我国在公共数据开放治理上还存在数据分类标准不清、开放方式单一、权责失衡等局限,不利于公共数据开放目标的实现。以层次化开放为指导,我国应建立基于安全风险的数据分类分级制度、构建多样化的数据开放谱系规则、细化权责统一的公共数据开放义务体系,并通过数据开放平台的构建实现公私合作治理,促进公共数据的高效有序利用。

Public data are collected and processed by the government,public institutions,and other departments while performing public functions according to law.Regarding their characteristics,such data are of a massive amount,have high value,are of vast variety,etc.The opening up of public data helps increase the value of such data and serves the development of the digital economy and society,which play a significant role in the construction of the digital government.Based on the balance-of-interests theory,openness of public data should maintain a balance between data security and fair use,achieving differentiated hierarchical regulation.However,there are limitations to China’s governance of public data openness,such as unclear data classification standards,single forms of openness,and imbalanced rights and responsibilities.These limitations are not conducive to achieving the goals of public data openness.Consequently,guided by hierarchical openness,we should establish a data classification and grading system that considers the security risks,construct diversified rules for data openness and lineage,refine a unified system of rights and responsibilities for public data openness obligations,achieve public-private cooperation governance,and promote efficient and orderly use of public data through the construction of data openness platforms.