政治学视野中的国家安全:历史、战争与中国的和平崛起

National Security from the Political Science Perspective:History,War,and China’s Peaceful Rise

安全是国家的重要价值,也是国家的逻辑起点。在民族国家时代,由于对抗和冲突从国内延伸到国际,国家安全既不是一个共同体内部的“合约”,也不是不同共同体之间的“缔约”就可实现“永久和平”的问题,国家安全始终同国家内部的经济社会结构、体制、发展目标、发展方式、所处国际环境以及国家对这种环境性质的认知、判断和采取的行动联系在一起。在构成中国国家安全的政治安全、经济安全、社会安全、文化安全、生态安全、信息安全等诸项内容中,政治安全是国家安全的内核,而政治安全的根本问题是政权、制度和意识形态安全。“历史造就了中国”“世界走入了中国”和“政党改变了中国”三个逻辑命题规范着中国的和平崛起进程,也规范着中国的安全理念和战略,反映了中国现代国家建设和中国国家安全建构的历史、结构和行动维度。

Security is an important value and logical starting point for the nation.In the nation-state’s era,because confrontation and conflict extend from the domestic to the international level,national security cannot be achieved through“contracts”within a community or through“contracts”between different communities.National security is always linked to the economic and social structure,development goals and approaches within the country,to the international environment in which the state finds itself,and to its perception,according to which the judgement of the environmental nature and the actions are decided.Three logical propositions govern China’s peaceful rise process,as well as China’s security philosophy and strategy,namely,“the history shaped China”,“the world moved into China”and“the Party changed China”,reflecting the history,structure and actions of China’s modern state-building and China’s national security.