先验观念论与批判实在论——论海德格尔对康德哲学的最初定位及其变化

Transcendental Idealism and Critical Realism:On Heidegger’s Initial Positioning of Kantian Philosophy and Its Changes

通过对屈尔佩思想(批判实在论)和拉斯克思想(先验逻辑/先验观念论)以及二者背后的洛采哲学的深度汲取,早期海德格尔进行了一种“在更高统一性中共同扬弃先验观念论和批判实在论”的努力,他对康德哲学的最初定位也因此发生了一种意义深远的变化:从认识论定位转变为存在论定位。正是从这种变化而来,青年海德格尔走上了通过“判断问题”来追问“人与存在之关联”的道路。这条“判断问题”的道路是早期海德格尔对“人与存在之关联”的追问之路,也是对“逻辑学与形而上学”之关系的追问之路,为海德格尔的整个“康德阐释”乃至本己思想道路提供了深刻的开端根据。

Through the deep absorption of the thoughts of Külpe(critical realism)and Lask(transcendental logic/transcendental idealism),as well as of the philosophy of Lotze,early Heidegger made an effort to“jointly sublate transcendental idealism and critical realism in a higher unity”.As a result,his initial positioning of Kant’s philosophy underwent a profound change:from epistemological positioning to ontological positioning.It is precisely from this change that young Heidegger embarked on the path of questioning the relationship between human being and Being through“judgement-problem”.This path of“judgement-problem”was an early exploration by Heidegger of the relationship between human being and Being,as well as the relationship between logic and metaphysics.It provided a profound starting point for Heidegger’s entire“Kantian interpretation”and even his own path.