德意志审美启蒙:从理性主义到“新神话”

German Aesthetic Enlightenment:From Rationalism to“Neue Mythologie”

德意志审美启蒙是一种独特的文化现象,其中存在多种范式的更新。鲍姆加登的“美学”,旨在促进哲学启蒙,让理性主义的方法论获得更为广泛的传播;莱辛则修正了理性主义美学,使之服务于市民群体的实践理性培育。此后的激进主义和浪漫主义者则试图编织民族的“新神话”,让诗性的创作和阐释介入意义生成的过程,缔造新式审美启蒙范式,让哲学变成可感性领会的公众文化资源,进一步实现共同体内部的伦理建构。抒情诗人进而成为了审美启蒙乃至于民族自决的引导者。这种“新神话”对20世纪美学有巨大影响,但依然存在着理论上的问题。

The German Aesthetic Enlightenment is a special cultural phenomenon whose paradigm has changed several times.Baumgarten’s concept of Aesthetica aimed to promote philosophical enlightenment and spread rationalism widely;Lessing reversed aesthetics to serve the cultivation of practical reason among citizen communities.The later radicals and romantics tried to construct a national“Neue Mythologie”to introduce poetic creation and interpretation to meaning producing process.A new aesthetic enlightenment paradigm appeared,and philosophy became an experiential public cultural resource.Further realization of ethics in community was predicted.Lyric poets became leaders of aesthetic enlightenment and national self-direction.This“Neue Mythologie”has a great influence on 20th century aesthetics,but theoretical problems remain unsolved.