骨小梁髋假体柄植入的应力分析

Stress analysis of trabecular hip prosthesis stem implantation

目的:分析髋关节置换中实心钛合金假体与骨小梁假体柄植入的应力。方法:基于Mimics软件逆向建立股骨模型,并使用Geomagic软件对股骨模型进行优化,再通过SolidWorks软件将模型实体化。将截骨后的股骨与金属股骨柄进行装配,并将装配好的模型导入ABAQUS中进行有限元计算。将股骨上部分为内侧近端点(小转子区)、外侧近端(大转子区)、股骨干近端点(茎突中段周围)、远端区域(茎突末端周围和远端)4个区域(处于不同整合状态),计算步态、爬楼梯载荷下植入实心钛合金假体和骨小梁假体前后的股骨应力以及区域未整合时的界面应力,并通过应力椭球分析骨界面的变形类型。结果:在小转子区,步态和爬楼梯载荷下骨小梁假体相比实心钛合金假体应力屏蔽率分别降低了20.5%和14.7%。实心钛合金假体存在不同整合状态时,步态与爬楼梯载荷下界面拉应力最大分别为10.842、12.900 MPa,剪应力最大分别为7.050、6.805 MPa;而骨小梁假体存在不同整合状态时,步态与爬楼梯载荷下界面拉应力最大分别为3.858、4.389 MPa,剪应力最大分别为4.156、3.854 MPa。2种不同载荷下,界面内侧剪应力椭球开口朝向两侧,骨界面发生拉伸变形;界面外侧剪应力椭球上下开口,发生压缩变形。结论:全髋关节置换术后,骨小梁假体的整体性能优于实心钛合金假体,且假体-骨界面未整合边缘易发生应力集中以及变形,引发进一步失效。

Objective To analyze the stresses in implanted titanium solid and bone trabecular prosthesis hip replacements.Methods A femur model was built inversely based on Mimics software,and optimized using Geomagic software,and then materialized by SolidWorks software.The osteotomized femur was assembled with the metal femoral stem to form a model,and then the model was imported into ABAQUS for finite element calculation.The upper femur was divided into four regions in different states of integration:medial proximal point(small trochanter region),lateral proximal region(large trochanter region),proximal point of the femoral stem(region around the mid-portion of the styloid process)and distal region(around the end of the styloid process and distal portion).Calculations were carried out over the femoral stresses before and after implantation of titanium solid and trabecular prostheses under gait and stair-climbing loads and the interfacial stresses when the region was unintegrated.The type of deformation at the bone interface was analyzed by means of a stress ellipsoid.Results At the small trochanter region,the stress shielding rates of the trabecular prosthesis under gait and stair climbing loads were reduced by 20.5%and 14.7%compared to the titanium solid prosthesis,respectively.In case of different integration states of the titanium solid prosthesis,the interface tensile stresses under the gait and stair climbing loads were up to 10.842 MPa and 12.900 MPa,and the shear stresses reached 7.050 MPa and 6.805 MPa,respectively;in case of different integration states of the trabecular prosthesis,the interface tensile stresses under the gait and stair climbing loads were up to 3.858 MPa and 4.389 MPa,and the shear stresses reached 4.156 MPa and 3.854 MPa,respectively.Under the 2 different loads,the inboard shear stress ellipsoid of the interface opened toward the sides and the bone interface showed tensile deformation;the outboard shear stress ellipsoid of the interface opened up and down and had compressive deformation.Conclusion After total hip arthroplasty,the overall performance of the trabecular prosthesis is better than that of the titanium solid prosthesis.The unintegrated edges of the prosthesis-bone interface are susceptible to stress concentrations and distortion which may result in occurrence of failures.