霸权护持与拜登政府的议题联盟

The Preservation of Hegemony and the Issue Alliance of the Biden Administration

拜登政府执政以来,不仅强化了传统联盟关系,还积极打造各种议题联盟,技术联盟、“互联网未来联盟”、芯片联盟、价值观联盟等,可视为其议题联盟的典型代表。在自身实力相对衰弱的情况下,拜登政府频繁组建议题联盟主要基于四方面的考虑:推动联盟扩容以助力霸权护持;弥补传统联盟关系的不足与局限;顺应议题政治不断发展的趋势;在传统安全领域之外塑造多边合作新形式。作为国际行为体在具体议题领域形成的相对松散的合作形式,议题联盟已成为拜登政府霸权护持的重要战略工具,在其进行国际动员、深化联盟关系以及助力美国参与大国竞争等方面都发挥了非常重要的作用,但同时也面临着效力有限和国内政治生态变化等多重因素的掣肘。展望未来,只要美国依然奉行对华竞争战略,其采取议题联盟的战略思路就不会发生根本性改变。

Since taking offi ce,the Biden administration has not only strengthened the traditional alliance,but also actively created various issue alliances,such as technology alliance,alliance for the future of the internet,chip alliance,value alliance,etc.,which can be regarded as typical representatives of its issue alliance.In the context of a relatively weakened United States,the Biden administration has frequently formed issue alliances mainly based on four considerations:promoting the expansion of its traditional alliance system to help maintain hegemony,making up for the shortcomings and limitations of its traditional alliance,conforming to the growing trend of issue politics,and shaping new forms of multilateral cooperation outside the traditional security field.As a relatively loose form of cooperation formed by international actors over specific issues,issue alliance has become a major strategic tool for the Biden administration to maintain hegemony,playing a very important role in international mobilization,deepening alliance relations,and helping the US participate in major-country competition.But at the same time,it also faces the constraints of multiple factors such as limited eff ectiveness and changes in domestic political ecology.Looking to the future,so long as the United States pursues the strategy of competing with China,its strategic thinking of adopting issue alliance will not change fundamentally.