经济体制改革变迁视阈下我国竞技体育举国体制的历史嬗变

Historical Transformation of the System of Pooling National Resources and Strengths in Competitive Sports under the Perspective of Economic System Reform

我国竞技体育的举国体制是经过体育发展实践被证明的、行之有效的制度安排,是我国竞技体育取得辉煌成就的制度保障。制度的与时俱进是保持制度有效性的关键。从横向看,竞技体育举国体制与一个国家的政治经济体制和文化传统等有着密切的联系;从纵向看,随着时代背景和我国经济体制的转变,人们的精神价值追求向多元化转变,竞技体育举国体制不断顺应社会历史发展趋势进行创新性发展,先后经历了1.0版、2.0版和3.0版,表现出上层建筑与经济基础的适配性。计划经济下的举国体制1.0版以高度集中为特征,以革命集体主义为至高的精神追求。举国体制2.0版开启了市场化探索的进程,其特征是资源共享、成绩共享。当我国经济发展进入新常态,市场经济下举国体制3.0版进入了以战略合作、共创共赢为特征的新阶段。在新发展阶段,构建竞技体育新型举国体制是我国竞技体育改革和发展的方向。新型举国体制既要保持举国体制的优势,又要充分发挥市场的决定性地位,以人民为中心,以科技为抓手,实现有效市场与有为政府的有机结合,进而助力社会主义现代化体育强国建设。

The system of pooling national resources and strengths in competitive sports has proven to be an effective institutional arrangement through the practice of sports development,serving as the fundamental guarantee for the spectacular achievements in competitive sports.The key to maintaining the effectiveness of this system lies in its ability to adapt to changing times.Horizontally,the system of pooling national resources and strengths in competitive sports is closely linked to a country's economic system,political system,and cultural traditions.Vertically,as the historical context and the country's economic system have evolved,there has been a shift in people's pursuit of spiritual values from a highly centralized and uniform approach to a more diverse and varied one.The system in competitive sports has continuously innovated in response to the social and historical development trends,experiencing versions 1.0,2.0,and 3.0,demonstrating its adaptability to the superstructure and economic foundation.The system v1.0,under the planned economy,was characterized by high centralization and revolutionary collectivism as the highest spiritual pursuit.The version 2.0 ushered in the process of market exploration,featuring resource sharing and achievements sharing.With the economic development of the country entering a new normal,the system v3.0 under a market economy has entered a new stage characterized by strategic cooperation for win-win outcomes.In the new development stage,building a new system of pooling national resources and strengths in competitive sports is the direction for reform and development.This new system aims to maintain the advantages of the system while fully leveraging the decisive role of the market,prioritizing people's well-being and utilizing science and technology as a driving force.It seeks to achieve an organic integration of an efficient market and a proactive government,thereby contributing to the establishment of a socialist modern sports power.