情境化差序型情感劳动——基于大病照护的观察

Contextualized Differential Emotional Labor:Observation Based on Critical Patient Care

随着疾病谱的显著变化,大病照护已经成为当今中国社会面临的重要现实问题。家庭照护供给的短缺和公共照护供给的迟滞共同催生了市场化照护服务,护工逐渐成为大病患者住院照护服务的主要提供者。身体照护是护工的基本职责,但情感劳动也是其照护工作中的重要内容。通过对上海市多家医院的田野调查可以发现,在大病照护过程中存在苛刻与包容、即时与长时、有缘与无缘等多重情境,护工会根据不同情境选择性地进行工具型、交往型、代入型三种不同层次的情感劳动,从而创造出市场化照护关系的差序格局。护工情感劳动的层次性和动态性为健全大病照护服务体系提供了新思路。

With significant changes in the disease spectrum,patient care has become an important practical issue facing Chinese society today.The shortage of family care supply and the delay in public care supply have jointly led to market-oriented care services,with care workers gradually becoming the main providers of inpatient care services for patients.Physical care is the basic responsibility of care workers,but emotional labor is also an important part of their care work.Through field research in many hospitals in Shanghai,it was found that there were multiple contexts in the care process,such as harsh and inclusive,immediate and long-term,predestined and unpredictable.Care workers would selectively engage in three different levels of emotional labor based on the context,such as instrumental,communicative,and substitute emotional labor,resulting in a differential pattern of market-oriented care relationships.The hierarchy and dynamicity of emotional labor among care workers provide new ideas for improving the system of patient care services.