自动还是自主——论人工智能时代的“自动化生存”

Automation or Autonomy:On“Automated Being”in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

数字化生存所引出的社会生存状态曾引发热议。而今,在人工智能技术的加持下,当代社会的生存状态更倾向于数字时代的“自动化生存”。自动化生存是一种隐喻,指的是人类的生存方式有意识或无意识地趋向自动化,包含了“自动化生产”“自动化生活”“自动化认知”“自动化行动”等不同向度。反思自动化生存的缘由和必然性,可以从对人的匮乏本质的有效补偿、对机器自动作用的内在迷恋和对环境稳定性的本能需求这三个方面溯源。自动化生存的境遇带来了新的挑战,尤其是对人的自主性的消解。自动化所追求的正是对非同一性和不确定性的消除,而这恰恰是自主性的关键。被自动化的“自主性”引发了一系列关于人的生存危机,需要一种新的理解框架来反思人工智能时代人的生存境况。

The new social state proposed by digital existence has sparked heated discussions.Nowadays,with the support of artificial intelligence technology,the state of contemporary society is more inclined towards“automated being”in the digital age.Automated being is a metaphor that refers to the conscious or unconscious tendency of human beings towards automation,encompassing different dimensions of automated production,automated life,automated cognition,and automated action.The philosophical reasons and inevitability for reflecting on automated being can be traced back to three aspects:the effective compensation for the lack of human nature,the inherent fascination with the automatic role of machines,and the instinctive need for environmental stability.The situation of automated being brings new challenges,especially the dissolution of autonomy.What automation seeks is precisely the elimination of non-identity and uncertainty,which is the key to autonomy.The“autonomy”of being automated has triggered a series of existential crises related to human beings,requiring a new understanding framework to reflect on the existing condition of human beings.