慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸治疗的研究进展

Research progress on respiratory therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种异质性肺部疾病,其特征是由于气道(支气管炎、细支气管炎)和(或)肺泡异常(肺气肿)引起的慢性呼吸道症状,如呼吸困难、咳嗽、痰液生成和(或)加重,这些症状会导致持续、进行性的气道阻塞。虽经规范治疗后,患者气流受限程度可有所改善,但因其病程长、易复发等特点,COPD可逐渐导致患者肺功能进行性减退,呼吸困难和运动耐力减低等症状日益加重,对日常生活及生活质量造成严重影响。随着临床研究的不断深入,除药物治疗外,呼吸治疗对于改善患者的肺功能、预后及提高生活质量具有重要意义。现就呼吸治疗在COPD的稳定期、急性加重期/合并呼吸衰竭(respiratory failure)中的应用作简单梳理。

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a heterogeneous lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms(dyspnea,cough,sputum production,and/or exacerbation)due to airway(bronchitis,bronchiolitis)and/or alveolar abnormalities(emphysema)that cause persistent,often progressive airway obstruction.The degree of airflow limitation can be improved with standard treatment,due to its long duration and ease of recurrence,COPD can gradually lead to progressive decline in lung function and worsening symptoms such as dyspnea and reduced exercise tolerance,which seriously affect patients'daily life and quality of life.With the deepening of clinical research,in addition to pharmacotherapy,respiratory therapy has been found to be important in improving lung function,prognosis and quality of life in patients with COPD.This article simply summarized the respiratory therapy in the stable phase and acute exacerbation/combined respiratory failure of COPD.