盖草能对不同花卉品种种子萌发特性的影响

Effects of Haloxyfop-P-methyl on Seed Germination Characteristics of Different Flower Species

以雏菊(Bellis perennis)、翠菊(Callistephus chinensis)、蛇鞭菊(Liatris spicata)、矢车菊(Centaurea cyanus)、白晶菊(Chrysanthemum paludosum)和硫华菊(Cosmos sulphureus)花卉种子为试材,采用不同浓度盖草能溶液处理种子,研究除草化学药剂对花卉种子萌发特性的影响,比较6种花卉种子的耐药性,以期为科学用药提供参考依据。结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,翠菊、雏菊种子在1.5 mg·L^(-1)盖草能处理下,对发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数无抑制作用;蛇鞭菊在1.0 mg·L^(-1)盖草能处理下,对发芽率和发芽指数无抑制,而发芽势则在0.5 mg·L^(-1)浓度下才未受到影响;矢车菊、硫华菊种子萌发受抑制作用明显,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数显著降低;在不同处理下进行不同品种的综合比较,翠菊和雏菊的萌发指标均显著高于其他4个品种;翠菊种子发芽时间无延迟效果,雏菊和白晶菊影响只延迟了1 d,蛇鞭菊、矢车菊、硫华菊种子发芽时间随着浓度的升高而延迟,在1.5 mg·L^(-1)浓度处理下分别延迟了2、3、2 d;盖草能对翠菊起到促根抑芽的效果,幼芽比根对盖草能更敏感;当这6种草花种子芽长开始生长后均受到不同程度的抑制,这说明在草花种子后期发芽后,不宜再喷施盖草能除草剂防除杂草。综上所述,雏菊、翠菊种子萌发阶段属于盖草能耐受性品种,播种萌发期的适宜浓度是1.5 mg·L^(-1)以下;蛇鞭菊次之,播种萌发期的适宜浓度是0.5 mg·L^(-1)以下;白晶菊、矢车菊、硫华菊对盖草能极度敏感,不能使用盖草能作为芽前除草剂。

The seeds of six species of herbaceous flowers,included Bellis perennis,Callistephus chinensis,Liatris spicata,Centaurea cyanus,Chrysanthemum paludosum and Cosmos sulphureus,were treated with different concentrations of Haloxyfop-P-methyl,and the effects of the chemicals on the germination characteristics of the seeds were stuided,the drug resistance of the six species of flower seeds was compared,in order to provide reference for scientific application of chemical agent.The results showed that in the concentration range of the test,C.chinensis and B.perennis seeds were treated with 1.5 mg·L^(-1)Haloxyfop-P-methyl,which had no inhibitory effect on germination rate,germination energy and germination index;L.spicata was treated with 1.0 mg·L^(-1)Haloxyfop-Pmethyl,which had no inhibitory effect on germination rate and germination index,and the germination potential was unaffected only at the concentration of 0.5 mg·L^(-1);the germination of L.spicata and C.sulphureus were significantly inhibited,and the germination rate,germination potential and germination index were significantly reduced.The germination indicators of C.chinensis and B.perennis were significantly higher than those of the other four varieties under different treatments;the germination time of C.chinensis seed was not delayed,and the effects of B.perennis and C.paludosum were only delayed for 1 day,seed germination time of L.spicata,C.cyanus,and C.sulphureus was delayed with increasing concentration,and was respectively delayed by 2,3 days and 2 days,under the treatment of 1.5 mg·L^(-1)concentration;the Haloxyfop-P-methyl could play a role in promoting the rooting and inhibiting germination effect of C.chinensis,and the young shoots were more sensitive than the rooting to Haloxyfop-P-methyl;the shoot length of the seed of the six species of flowers was affected by different degrees of inhibition after starting to grow.When the six grass seed buds grew,they were all inhibited to different degrees.To summarize,C.chinensis and B.perennis belonged to the Haloxyfop-P-methyl-tolerant species at the seed germination stage,and the suitable concentration for seed germination was below 1.5 mg·L^(-1);L.spicata was the second most suitable concentration for seed germination,and the suitable concentration for seed germination was below 0.5 mg·L^(-1)and C.paludosum,C.cyanus,and C.sulphureus were extremely sensitive to Haloxyfop-P-methyl and cannot be used as a pre-emergence herbicide.