页岩气开采中典型重金属及无机物对周边环境的潜在影响

The potential environmental impacts of typical heavy metals and inorganics in shale gas production

页岩气开采在满足能源需求的同时也可能带来潜在环境风险。页岩气开采产生的岩屑和返排液携带了地层物质、添加剂及其可能的转化产物,其组成成分复杂,浓度差异显著,意外泄漏、不合理处理处置或者不达标排放容易对周边环境造成污染。研究选择典型的毒害重金属以及返排液中重要的无机离子为研究目标,评述岩屑和返排液中目标污染物的浓度水平和赋存特征,剖析它们进入周边环境的主要途径及潜在环境影响。同时,针对中国国内页岩气开采现状,就污染控制提出建议和研究展望,希望为中国页岩气开采中污染物防控和风险管理提供可借鉴的经验和教训。

The booming of shale gas production provides“clean energy”,while followed by potential environmental risks.Drilling cuttings and flowback/produced water are the major waste or wastewater during shale gas production.They show large differences on composition and element concentration due to geochemical information and additives diversity,which causes large challenge on solid waste and wastewater treatments.This review focused on the occurrence and distribution of inorganic and heavy metal in both drilling cutting and flowback/produced water,then tried to discriminate their potential pathways into aquatic systems and soil,as well as their possible impacts.We proposed suggestion of future study,and hope this should be useful for pollution prevention and control as well as risk management related to shale gas exploitation in our country in the future.