城市绿道生态系统大型土壤动物群落特征研究

Research on the Characteristics of Soil Macrofauna Community in Urban Greenway Ecosystems

绿道,作为城市一种开放的绿色线性空间,不仅具有景观、游憩等社会功能,还具有重要的生态价值,是城市生态环境保护和生物多样性保育的重要绿色基础设施。通过野外调查、室内分析等手段,对不同城市绿道生境大型土壤动物群落特征进行研究,探讨生境类型、廊道宽度、植物配置及土壤理化性质对土壤动物多样性保育的影响。结果显示:滨水绿道生境大型土壤动物群落个体密度、类群数、多样性指数显著高于道路绿道生境(P<0.05);滨水绿道生境大型土壤动物指示种为喜湿的地蜈蚣属(Geophilus)和鼠妇虫属(Porcellio),而道路绿道生境指示种为喜热的短猛蚁属(Brachyponera);土壤温度(ST)、土壤容重(SBD)、土壤含水量(SWC)、铵态氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)、乔木层丰富度指数(TR)、落叶乔木占比(DTR)等环境因素,对大型土壤动物群落分布有显著影响。未来可以通过增加生态廊道宽度、提高落叶乔木占比、增施有机肥、适当保留凋落物等途径,提高城市绿道系统土壤生物多样性保育功能。研究结果为探索构建生态、高效城市绿道的近自然途径提供一定的理论依据。

With the acceleration of urbanization,the area of high-rise buildings and impervious pavement has been continuously expanded to meet the demand of the rapidly growing urban population,resulting in a physical separation between urban green spaces.Urban greenway,as an open linear green space in cities,not only provides social functions such as landscape and recreation,but also acts as an ecological corridor,connecting separated urban green spaces.It is an important green infrastructure for urban ecological environment protection and biodiversity conservation.Soil macrofauna,such as earthworms,beetles,and ants,which live in litter layer or soil layer,have important effects on soil ecological process.The abundance and richness of soil macrofauna community are usually regarded as a good indicator of soil quality.To assess the environmental quality of urban greenway ecosystem,the effects of greenway habitat type,width of corridor,plant configuration,and soil properties on the conservation of soil faunal diversity were implored through field investigation and lab analyses in summer and autumn.In general,the individual density,taxonomic group number,diversity indices of macrofauna in WG habitat were significantly higher than in RG habitat.The indicator organisms of macrofauna in WG habitat were Geophilus and Porcellio,which is suitable for living in relatively humid environment.The indicator organism of macrofauna in RG was Brachyponera,suitable for living in relatively hot and dry environment.The environmental factors including soil temperature(ST),soil bulk density(SBD),soil water content(SWC),available N(AN),available K(AK),tree species richness index(TR),and deciduous tree ratio(DTR)had significant effects on the distribution of macrofauna community.The function of biodiversity conservation in urban greenway ecosystem can be improved through widening green corridor along greenways,raising the ratio of deciduous tree,increasing the application of organic fertilizer,and retaining plant litter in appropriate locations.The results provided helpful suggestions for the construction of ecological and effective urban greenway ecosystems in a natural way.