乌克兰农业发展进程及现状分析

The Process of Agriculture Development in Ukraine and An Analysis of the Status Quo

1991年乌克兰独立后,国家经济体系发生重大改变,由计划经济转变为市场经济,土地所有制由国有转变为私有。激烈的变革破坏了原有的供销平衡体制,使农业遭受巨大打击。但凭借黑土资源丰富、气候优越等有利条件,乌农业在三十余年的时间里迅速恢复发展,现已成为世界农产品出口大国,在全球粮食安全中发挥重要作用。但2022年乌克兰危机升级再次重创乌克兰的农业生产与农产品出口,加剧了全球粮食市场的波动。该文梳理分析了乌克兰独立至今农业发展经历的四个阶段及其主要特征,详细阐述乌克兰农业生产结构、农业产业、基础设施、农业金融支持政策等变化情况以及乌克兰危机升级影响下的发展现状。

Agriculture in Ukraine recovered rapidly over the past thirty plus years as the country enjoys fertile black soil and favorable climate.Ukraine has become a major exporter of agricultural products nowadays.However,the escalation of the Ukraine crisis in 2022 devastated the country's agricultural production and export and intensified the fluctuation of global food markets.This paper analyzes the four stages of Ukraine's agricultural development and its main features,elaborates the structure of agricultural production,agri-infrastructure,financial support policies as well as the status quo of Ukraine's agriculture under the impact of the escalation of the Ukraine crisis.