海外人才的回流动因模式及影响因素——基于上海市的实证分析

Motivation Model and Infl uencing Factors of Overseas Talent Return:Empirical Analysis Based on Shanghai

人才回流是国际人才流动的关键环节。全球化时代,人才回流表现出动因多样化、群体差异化以及影响因素复杂化的特征和趋势。文章基于2021年上海市基本侨情调查数据,探究我国海外人才回流动因的差异及其微观影响因素。结果表明:(1)我国海外人才回流趋势显著,回流主体构成多元化、回流动因多样化,以长期定居型和职业发展型回流为主;(2)回流动因具有较强的个体异质性,个人家庭特征以及流动特征和经历对回流动因具有显著影响;(3)海外人才回流具有地域集中性、空间指向性以及时间阶段性等特点。为吸引国际人才回流,促进海外人才发展,优化我国海外引才政策,应高度关注国际人才迁移和全球人才竞争的新动向,根据回流主体的不同回流模式特点构建引才政策体系;通过政策引导形成海外人才回流的最佳模式,充分发挥海外人才的空间集聚效应;在人才环流背景下,加强海外人才“引用一体”的政策设计思路,提高海归人才的社会贡献力。

Talent return is a key link in international talent mobility.In the era of globalization,talent return exhibits characteristics and trends of diverse motivations,group differences,and complex influencing factors.This paper is based on the basic overseas Chinese situation survey data in Shanghai in 2021,exploring the diff erences in the motivations for the return of overseas talents in China and their micro influencing factors.The results show that(1)there is a significant trend of overseas talent return in China,with a diversified composition of return subjects and diverse return motivations,mainly focusing on long-term settlement and career development return;(2)return motives have strong individual heterogeneity,and personal family characteristics,mobility characteristics and experiences have a significant influence on return motivations;(3)the return of overseas talents has characteristics such as regional concentration,spatial directionality,and temporal periodicity.To attract the return of international talents,promote the development of overseas talents,and optimize China's overseas talent introduction policies,we should pay close attention to the new trends of international talent migration and global talent competition,and construct a talent introduction policy system based on the characteristics of diff erent return models of return entities;form the best model for the return of overseas talents through policy guidance,and fully leverage the spatial agglomeration effect of overseas talents;in the context of talent circulation,we should strengthen the policy design concept of"integrating the introduction and use of overseas talents"to improve the social contribution of overseas returnees.