河南省新型冠状病毒特异性免疫球蛋白G抗体水平的调查

Serological analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies level in Henan Province

目的分析河南省新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)大流行后人群的特异性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体水平,为后疫情时代COVID-19的防控提供参考依据。方法2023年3月6日至15日,依据全国新型冠状病毒(以下简称新冠病毒)特异性IgG抗体血清流行病学调查方案,采用整群随机抽样方法,对河南省10个区(县)的人群采集外周静脉血共5178份。描述性分析受调查对象的基本情况、新型冠状病毒疫苗(以下简称新冠疫苗)接种史、新冠病毒感染情况,使用化学发光法检测其新冠病毒特异性IgG抗体。统计学分析采用秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn检验。结果受调查对象新冠病毒特异性IgG抗体的总体阳性率为83.35%(4316/5178)。不同性别、不同年龄、是否感染新冠病毒、是否接种新冠疫苗、接种不同剂次新冠疫苗人群产生的新冠病毒特异性IgG抗体差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.60,H=195.32,Z=6.10、18.08,H=382.70,均P<0.001)。未接种新冠疫苗+未感染新冠病毒组、未接种新冠疫苗+感染新冠病毒组、接种新冠疫苗+未感染新冠病毒组、接种新冠疫苗+感染新冠病毒组,其产生的特异性IgG抗体水平分别为3.54(0.98,11.00)、60.65(2.33,84.80)、133.00(59.80,173.00)、142.00(98.30,176.00),差异有统计学意义(H=354.62,P<0.001)。感染与未感染新冠病毒者的特异性IgG抗体随着接种剂次的增加而呈上升趋势(H=287.00、98.48,均P<0.001)。未感染新冠病毒者的特异性IgG抗体,在末次接种新冠疫苗至采血的时间间隔为<3个月、3~6个月和>6个月组中分别为171.86(156.04,196.57)、71.71(17.08,110.38)、132.14(57.59,172.25),差异有统计学意义(H=19.93,P<0.001);其中<3个月组与3~6个月组、>6个月组的差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.67、3.47,均P<0.001),<3个月组的特异性IgG抗体最高。结论未感染新冠病毒者接种新冠疫苗剂次与其所获得的特异性IgG抗体有一定相关性,免疫后的特异性IgG抗体可维持3个月的高水平。

ObjectiveTo analyze the specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies level in the population after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Henan Province.MethodsA total of 5178 peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 10 districts(counties)in Henan Province according to the national seroepidemiological survey program for COVID-19,and the method of cluster random sampling was adopted from March 6 to 15,2023.Descriptive analysis was used for the basic data,history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccination,SARS-CoV-2 infection of the respondents.The specific IgG antibody of SARS-CoV-2 was detected using chemiluminescence method.Statistical analysis was performed by using rank sum test,Kruskal Wallis test,and Dunn′s test.ResultsThe overall positive rate of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody was 83.35%(4316/5178).There were statistically significant differences in the specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 produced by people of different sexes,different ages,infected or not,vaccinated or not,and vaccinated with different doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine(Z=3.60,H=195.32,Z=6.10,18.08,H=382.70,respectively,all P<0.001).The specific IgG antibodies produced by unvaccinated+uninfected group,unvaccinated+infected group,vaccinated+uninfected group,and vaccinated+infected group were 3.54(0.98,11.00),60.65(2.33,84.80),133.00(59.80,173.00),and 142.00(98.30,176.00),respectively.And the difference was statistically significant(H=354.62,P<0.001).The specific IgG antibodies of uninfected people increased with the increase of inoculum times(H=287.00 and 98.48,both P<0.001).The specific IgG antibodies of people who were not infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the groups of whose interval from the last inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to blood collection was less than three months,three to six months and more than six months were 171.86(156.04,196.57),71.71(17.08,110.38)and 132.14(57.59,172.25),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(H=19.93,P<0.001).Among them,the absolute difference between the less than three months group and the three to six months group was statistically significant(Z=3.67,P<0.001),and the absolute difference between the less than three months group and the more than six months group was statistically significant(Z=3.47,P<0.001).The specific IgG antibodies level in the less than three months group was the highest.ConclusionsThere is a certain correlation between the number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses and the specific IgG antibodies level in uninfected people.The specific IgG antibodies could maintain a high level for three months after immunization.