ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst

Photocatalytic technologies have been universally applied in the domains of hydrogen production,envi-ronmental purification,CO_(2)reduction,catalytic organic synthesis,and other major fields owing to their environmental friendliness,convenient operation,and absorbing sunlight as the driving force.The core of photocatalytic technology is photocatalyst.Hence,it is greatly essential to fabricate stable,high-efficiency,and visible-light response photocatalysts.Among various visible-light-response photocatalysts,ZnIn_(2)S_(4),a ternary metal sulfide,has attracted extensive attention due to its prominent advantages of simple synthe-sis,excellent stability,and appropriate band structure.However,the low utilization of solar energy and rapid recombination of photogenerated charges as same as inferior redox capacity are still the distinct shortcomings that significantly block the increase of photocatalytic efficiency for ZnIn_(2)S_(4)photocatalyst.Fortunately,the above evident shortcomings can be simultaneously resolved by constructing heterojunc-tions between ZnIn_(2)S_(4)with other semiconductors.In recent years,various semiconductor photocatalysts(such as oxides(TiO_(2),WO_(3),In_(2)O_(3)),sulfides(ZnS,FeS_(2),CoS),oxysalts(Bi_(2)MoO_(6),ZnWO_(4),NaTaO_(3)),organics(g-C_(3)N_(4),COF,PDIIM),etc.)have been combined with ZnIn_(2)S_(4)to construct ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme het-erojunctions with the aim at greatly increasing its photocatalytic efficiency.Herein,this review presents a systematic description of the currently popular ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst,which includes the research background,scientific mechanism,design principles,preparation strategies,and characterization methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunctions.Moreover,the extensive pho-tocatalytic applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunctions have been detailly described by clas-sification examples,including hydrogen production,CO_(2)reduction,environmental purification,and other applications.Finally,several drawbacks on the synthetizations,modifications,and applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based S-scheme heterojunction have been proposed,and their corresponding prospects have also been propounded in terms of their future development.