基于微波加热的风力机叶片除冰性能数值模拟研究

Numerical investigation of de‑icing performance of wind turbine blades based on microwave heating technology

针对在冬季霜冻或雾凇等极端天气下,风力机叶片出现结冰影响风电机组出力,甚至导致冰块堆积脱落等问题,提出一种基于微波加热的风力机叶片除冰方法。通过在叶片复合材料中加入炭黑及碳纤维以改善叶片的微波加热性能。结合COMSOL和MATLAB语言开展联合仿真,对叶片中填充介质的参数进行优化设计,进而针对优化后的叶片复合材料开展微波加热除冰模拟,得到微波加热功率和环境温度对除冰时间的影响规律。最后,通过研究结果表明,最佳炭黑填充浓度为3.98%,在此参数下,复合材料内的碳纤维形成了上下密集、中间稀疏的三明治结构,从而可有效提高复合材料的微波吸收率;随着微波功率的增加和环境温度的升高,除冰时间明显缩短,且微波功率对除冰时间的影响较环境温度更显著。

Wind turbine blades are susceptible to icing caused by frost or rime and other extreme weather conditions in winter,which directly affects the wind turbine output,even leads to safety problems such as ice accumulation and subsequent shedding.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the anti/deicing technologies for wind turbine blades.In this paper,a deicing method for wind turbine blades based on microwave heating is proposed.To improve the microwave heating performance of the blade,carbon black and carbon fiber are incorporated into the blade composite.The study employs a combination of COMSOL and MATLAB to optimize the parameters of the filling medium within the blade.Subsequently,simulations are conducted to analyze the microwave heating and deicing performance of the optimized blade composite,examining the influences of microwave heating power and ambient temperature on deicing time.The results indicate that the optimum carbon black filling concentration is 3.98%.Under this condition,the carbon fibers within the composite form a sandwich structure‑denser at the top and bottom and sparser in the middle,which effectively improves the microwave absorption rate of the composite.Furthermore,it is observed that increasing microwave power and ambient temperature significantly reduce the deicing time,with microwave power exerting a more pronounced effect compared to ambient temperature.