采用水冷冷凝器的电动汽车热泵系统制热和抗结霜性能试验研究

Experimental investigation of heating and anti-frosting performance of electric vehicle heat pump system with water-cooled condenser

热泵技术由于具有比电加热显著提升的制热效率,近年来逐渐应用于电动汽车以期提高冬季续航里程。文章设计了一套电动汽车热泵系统,该系统取消了传统热泵的车外冷凝器,而以低温散热器作为主要的散热和吸热部件。根据实车的零部件部件要求搭建了该热泵系统的测试台架,台架试验结果表明该热泵系统在-7℃环境下,纯热泵工况下的制热能力可以达到5.4kW,COP可以达到2.4。通过模拟电机电控的余热回收效果,试验发现低于30%的余热可以被该系统吸收用于制热。试验也表明这种类型的热泵系统在湿度较高的情况下同样存在结霜的问题,且结霜开始的时间与环境湿度和压缩机转速关系紧密。

Due to its significantly improved heating efficiency than electric heating,heat pump technology has been gradually applied to electric vehicles in recent years in order to improve the driving range in winter.In this paper,an electric vehicle heat pump system is proposed,which removes the outside condenser of the traditional heat pump,and it uses the low temperature radiator as the main heat dissipation and heat absorption component instead.According to the requirements of the parts and components of the real vehicle,a test bench of the heat pump system is built in this paper.The bench test results show that the heating capacity of the heat pump system can reach 5.4 kW under the pure heat pump condition at-7℃,and the COP can be achieved to 2.4.By simulating the waste heat recovery effect of the electric motor and motor control module,the experiment found less than 30%of the waste heat can be absorbed by the system for heating.Experiments also show that this type of heat pump system also has the problem of frost in the case of high humidity,and the frost start time is closely related to the ambient humidity and the compressor speed.