旅游社区居民生态正义感知及空间差异研究——以黄山风景区门户社区为例

A Study on Residents' Perception of Ecological Justice and Spatial Differences in Tourism Community:A Case Study of the Gateway Communities of Huangshan Scenic Area

随着旅游地生态环境问题的日益凸显,作为核心利益相关者的门户社区居民享有的生态权益与承担的环境责任不对等成为旅游生态不正义的重要表现,实现生态正义对旅游地可持续发展具有重要意义。文章以黄山风景区东南西北4个门户社区为案例,采用方差分析方法,从人际生态正义和种际生态正义两个方面分析门户社区居民对生态正义感知的水平、空间差异及影响因素。研究发现:(1)受访的门户社区居民对种际生态正义感知水平显著高于人际生态正义;(2)生态正义总体感知水平方面,南门>北门>西门>东门;人际生态正义感知水平方面,南门、北门对分配正义、程序正义感知水平显著高于东门、西门,北门、西门对互动正义感知水平显著高于南门、东门;种际生态正义感知水平方面,南门对环境责任行为感知水平最高,其他三个门户社区差别不大,北门、西门对旅游负面环境影响感知水平显著高于南门、东门;(3)居民生态正义感知空间差异受区域基础、区位条件、政策制度和个体价值观念四种因素共同影响。

With the increasing prominence of ecological and environmental problems in tourist areas,as the core stakeholders of the gateway community,the inequality between the ecological rights enjoyed by the residents and the environmental responsibilities they bear has become an important manifestation of ecological injustice in tourism,and the realization of ecological justice is of great significance to the sustainable development of tourist areas.Taking four gateway communities of Huangshan Scenic Area as a case study,the article uses one-way ANOVA to analyze the level,spatial differences and influencing factors of the gateway communities residents' perceptions of ecological justice in two aspects:interpersonal ecological justice and interspecies ecological justice.The results show that:(1) The perception of interspecies ecological justice was significantly higher than that of interpersonal ecological justice among the interviewed the gateway communities residents.(2) In terms of the overall perception of ecological justice,the South Gate>the North Gate>the West Gate>the East Gate;in terms of perception of interpersonal ecological justice,the perception of distributive justice and procedural justice was significantly higher in the South Gate and the North Gate than in the East Gate and the West Gate,and the perception of interactive justice was significantly higher in the North Gate and the West Gate than in the South Gate and the East Gate In terms of interspecies ecological justice perceptions,the South Gate has the highest perception of environmentally responsible behavior,the other three gateway communities do not differ significantly,and the North Gate and the West Gate have significantly higher perception of negative environmental impact of tourism than the South Gate and the East Gate.(3) Spatial differences in residents' ecological justice perceptions are influenced by a combination of four factors:regional basis,locational conditions,policy system and individual values.