市场准入负面清单制度与企业人力资本升级

Negative List System for Market Access and Human Capital Upgrading

高层次人才是高质量发展的核心力量,如何有效改善企业人力资本结构是新时代全面深化改革的重点。基于中国沪深A股上市企业数据,实证探究市场准入负面清单制度对企业人力资本结构的影响。研究发现:(1)负面清单制度能有效促进企业人力资本结构优化升级。(2)负面清单制度通过强化产品市场竞争从而驱动人力资本结构升级。(3)负面清单制度促使企业增加了高技能劳动力雇佣规模,缩减了低技能劳动力雇佣规模;同时,负面清单制度的人力资本结构升级效应对于非国有、劳动密集型和市场化水平较低地区的企业更显著。(4)得益于人力资本结构升级,负面清单制度还显著提升了企业的经营表现和创新产出。研究验证了市场准入制度改革对于优化人才资源配置的积极作用,为微观企业寻找高质量发展路径提供经验依据。

High-level talents are vital for high-quality development.Improving the human capital structure of enterprises has become the focus of comprehensive reform in the new era.This paper empirically explores the impact of a system of negative lists for market access on the human capital structure of enterprises based on the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen.The results show the following.(1) The negative list system effectively promotes the optimization and upgrading of enterprises' human capital structure.(2) The negative list system drives this upgrading by promoting competition in the product market.(3) The negative list system has caused enterprises to increase their employment of high-skilled labor and reduce their employment of low-skilled labor.At the same time,the list system's upgrading effect on enterprises' human capital structure is more significant in non-state-owned,labor-intensive,and low-marketization industries.(4) The upgrading of enterprises' human capital structure,in turn,significantly improves their operational performance and innovation output.This study verifies the positive role of reforming the system of market access in optimizing the allocation of talent,providing a theoretical basis and ideas for micro enterprises seeking to pursue high-quality development.