中国城乡居民养老保险的收入差距调节效应

Adjustment Effect of the Income Gap in Endowment Insurance Between Urban and Rural Residents

城乡居民基本养老保险作为社会养老保险体系的核心组成部分,理应在更好解决“老有所养”的同时,发挥出进一步破解城乡二元格局、调节收入分配和缩小城乡差距的功能与效果。基于相关年份分省面板数据和中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,对现阶段城乡居民基本养老保险收入差距调节效应,结合宏观和微观两个视角逐步进行了实证检验与分析探讨。研究结果表明,在全国层面上,现阶段城乡居民基本养老保险发展与城乡收入差距之间存在显著非线性关系,并且呈现出先扩大而后缩小的“倒U形”轨迹;同时,微观检验也部分地验证了这一结果。为此提出:(1)应高度重视城乡居民基本养老保险的收入分配调节功能与差异化发展趋势;(2)应逐步完善城乡居民基本养老保险的缴费和待遇调整机制;(3)应通过高质量发展和促进农民和弱势群体收入增长来更好地发挥城乡居民基本养老保险的消除老年贫困和收入分配调节功能。

As a core component of the social endowment insurance system,the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents should play a role in further cracking the urban-rural dual pattern,adjusting income distribution and narrowing the urban-rural gap while better solving the problem of“providing for the elderly”.Based on the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020 and the China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS)data,this paper gradually made an empirical test and analysis of the adjustment effect of the income gap of basic endowment insurance on urban and rural residents at the current stage,by combining macro and micro perspectives.The results show that at the national level,there was a significant non-linear relationship between the development of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents and the urban-rural income gap at this stage,and presented an“inverted U-shaped”trajectory of first expanding and then narrowing;at the same time,microscopic examination also partially verified this result.Therefore,this paper proposes:first,we should attach great importance to the income distribution adjustment function and differential development trend of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents;second,we should gradually improve the payment and treatment adjustment mechanism of basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents;third,we should give better play to the basic old-age insurance of urban and rural residents’functions of eliminating old-age poverty and adjusting income distribution through high-quality development and promoting the income growth of farmers and vulnerable groups.