乘用车前部造型的改变对行人下肢损伤的影响研究

Effects of changes in passenger car front styling on pedestrian lower limb injuries

研究了欧盟行人保护指令发布后车辆前部造型的变化,以及该变化对行人下肢损伤的影响。为此,在德国深度事故调查数据库选取了283起带有行人下肢损伤的事故案例,并将事故案例以欧洲行人保护指令发布时间为界限分为两组。首先采用描述性统计方法统计了两组案例中各个事故车辆前部结构值,然后利用威尔科克森符号秩检验找出两组案例车型中具有显著差异的前部结构参数,最后通过二元逻辑回归分别建立两组案例车型与行人下肢严重损伤和腓骨/胫骨骨折风险曲线,分析行人保护指令发布后车辆前部造型的改变及对行人下肢损伤的影响。研究结果表明,新的车型具有更宽的前保险杠和更浅的保险杠伸出量,更高的引擎盖前缘以及更低的副保险杠下缘高度。在0~40 km/h的碰撞速度内,对于年龄不超过60岁的行人,行人保护指令发布后生产的车型对行人整体下肢严重损伤和腓骨/胫骨的保护性能相比于以往的车型均有所提高。

Here,after release of the European Union pedestrian protection directive,changes in front styling of vehicle and effects of these changes on pedestrian lower limb injuries were studied.For this purpose,283 accident cases with pedestrian lower limb injuries were chosen from German In-depth Accident Study(GIDAS)database,and these accident cases were divided into 2 groups before and after the release time of the European Union pedestrian protection directive.Firstly,the descriptive statistical method was used to count front structural values of accident vehicles in 2 case groups.Then,Wilcoxon sign rank tests were used to find out front structural parameters with significant differences in vehicle stylings of 2 case groups.Finally,binary logistic regression was used to establish risk curves for vehicle stylings versus pedestrian severe lower limb injury and fibular/tibial fracture in 2 case groups,respectively.Effects of changes in vehicle front stylings on pedestrian lower limb injuries after release of the European Union pedestrian protection directive were analyzed.The study results showed that the new vehicle styling has a wider front bumper with shallower bumper extension,a higher front edge of hood and a lower height of lower edge of secondary bumper;within the collision speed range of 0-40 km/h,for pedestrians under age of 60 years,vehicle stylings produced after release of the European Union pedestrian protection directive have improved protection performance for pedestrian overall lower limb injuries and fibular/tibial fracture,compared to previous vehicle stylings.