论司法确认程序审查规则检视与优化

On Review and Optimization of Judicial Confirmation Procedure Review Rules

司法确认审查是司法权引领、推动和保障调解的重要方式,应当契合非讼程序的程序特征,坚持平衡程序效率和程序公平、私法自治和公法监督的理论导向,坚持有效利用司法资源和保障司法确认结果正当的价值取向。实证考察发现,司法确认审查存在着程序规则尚未明确,内容尚未统一,部分案件的审查超出了司法确认程序范畴,现有审查规则难以满足防范虚假调解的需要。优化司法确认审查规则,应当明确司法确认审查的程序规则,统一司法确认审查内容为“调解真实性”和“调解自愿性”,补充司法确认审查界限为“调解基础合法”和“纠纷来源合法”,并从识别规则和防范程序两方面加强虚假调解行为的识别和防范。

Judicial confirmation review is an important way for judicial power to lead,promote and guarantee mediation.It should conform to the procedural characteristics of non-litigation procedures,adhere to the theoretical orientation of balancing procedural efficiency and procedural fairness,autonomy of private law and supervision of public law,and adhere to the value orientation of effectively using judicial resources and ensuring the legitimacy of judicial confirmation results.The empirical investigation found that the procedural rules of judicial confirmation review have not been clarified,the content has not been unified,the review of some cases has gone beyond the scope of judicial confirmation procedures,and the existing review rules are difficult to meet the needs of preventing false mediation.To optimize the rules for judicial confirmation review,it is necessary to clarify the procedural rules for judicial confirmation review,unify the content of judicial confirmation review as “authenticity of mediation” and “voluntariness of mediation”,reasonably determine the boundaries of judicial confirmation review as “legitimate mediation basis” and “legitimate dispute source”,and strengthen the prevention of false mediation from the two aspects of identification rules and prevention procedures.