超声应力检测技术综述

Progress on ultrasonic stress detection technology

应力检测是保证机械装置稳定可靠运行的必要手段,而考虑到机械装置结构的复杂性与工作环境的多样性,其对检测方法的要求较高。超声应力检测以其高精度、无害性、强适应性等优点在连续介质与非连续介质内外应力检测中得到了广泛的关注与应用。文章针对超声应力检测中最主要的三种方法:声弹性效应法、声反射系数法以及非线性超声检测法,结合国内外学者的研究成果,从其工作原理、发展过程与实际应用等方面分别进行综述,总结其发展现状,并对其未来发展提出展望。

Stress detection is a necessary means to ensure the stable and reliable operation of the mechanical device.Due to the complexity of the mechanical device structures and the diversity of the working environments,the requirements for the detection methods are relatively high.Ultrasonic stress detection has been widely concerned and applied to internal and external stress detection in continuous medium and discontinuous medium because of its high precision,harmlessness and strong adaptability.In this paper,the working principles,development processes and practical application of three most important methods in ultrasonic stress detection,known as acoustoelastic effect method,acoustic reflection coefficient method and nonlinear ultrasonic detection method,are reviewed by combining the domestic and foreign research results.And its development status is summarized and the future development is prospected,respectively.