汉赋博物书写的时代特征与成因

Era Characteristics and Causes of Han Fu’s Natural History Writing

博物是汉赋书写当中最为重要的文化特征.汉赋博物书写在四个时期有明显变化,西汉初期铺陈名物现象并不凸显,多沿用诗骚旧典;西汉全盛期取物炫博尚奇,博物书写渐成范式;东汉前期有关两都主题的方物频见,礼德观念愈发突出;东汉中晚期则以田野、士人雅玩名物为主,书写从“体国经野”向“触兴致情”转变,不仅完整体现了两汉四百余年统治者治国思想与治国方略开阖转折的显著特点,且客观揭示了时代文学转型的内在动因.

The natural history is the most important cultural trend in the writing system of Han Fu.The HanFu’s natural history writing undergoes apparent changes in the four periods.In the early period of the Western Han Dynasty,the writers usually continued to use the classics of poetry and songs,and the phenomenon of laying out incomparable objects was not prominent;in the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty,the writers indulged in the selection of ostentatious and novel objects,and natural history writing gradually became a paradigm;in the early period of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the writers frequently used the incomparable objects related to the theme of the two capitals,and the concept of etiquette and morality became increasingly prominent;in the middle and late period of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the villagers and scholars worshiped appreciation of incomparable objects,and the writing changed from“portraying the grandeur of the capital and the glory of the countryside”to“drawing inspiration from external objects”.In general,the natural history writing not only presents the remarkable characteristics in the transition of the rulers’thoughts and strategies for governing the country for more than 400 years in the Han Dynasty but also objectively reveals the internal motivation of the literary transformation.