不同葡萄砧木抗寒抗抽干能力比较研究

Comparative study on cold resistance and drought tolerance of different grape rootstocks

[目的]气候变化新形势下,进一步筛选适宜西北地区抗寒、抗抽干葡萄砧木品种,可为葡萄免埋土栽培推广提供理论依据和技术支撑。[方法]本文以41Bmgt、Riparia、420Bmgt、101-14、196-17、44-53ma、110R、Rupestris du Lot、SO4、161-490、1103P、5BB、3309、Leon Millt共14种13年生葡萄砧木为试材,通过测定离体一年生枝条累计失水速率,结合田间调查葡萄砧木存活率和离体一年生枝条抽干率,以此来评价不同葡萄砧木品种抗抽干能力;结合前人研究及砧木品种特性,采用高低温交变试验箱模拟低温的方法,设置4(对照)、-15、-20、-25和-30℃一系列温度梯度水平,测定不同葡萄砧木一年生枝条相对电导率、丙二醛、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白5个生理生化指标,利用隶属函数法进行综合评价不同葡萄砧木的抗寒性。[结果]不同葡萄砧木的抗抽干能力由强到弱依次为:3309>161-490>196-17>Leon Millt>420Bmgt>44-53ma>Riparia>110R>1103P>SO4>101-14>41Bmgt>5BB>Rupestris du Lot;随着处理温度的降低,不同葡萄砧木枝条的抗寒指标总体呈现上升趋势,但不同品种之间存在差异。根据隶属函数的综合分析,结果显示各葡萄砧木的抗寒性由强到弱依次为:SO4>196-17>Leon Millt>5BB>Riparia>44-53ma>420Bmgt>1103P>3309>110R>Rupestris du Lot>101-14>41Bmgt>161-490。[结论]Riparia、196-17、44-53ma和Leon Millt具有较强的抗抽干能力和抗寒性,可作为我国西北地区免埋土葡萄砧木使用。

[Objective]With the new situation of climate change,further selection of grape rootstock varieties suitable for cold resistance and drought tolerance in the Northwest China is necessary to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the unburied cultivation of grapes.[Methods]Thirteen-year-old grape rootstock varieties including 41Bmgt,Riparia,420Bmgt,101-14,196-17,44-53ma,110R,Rupestris du Lot,SO4,161-490,1103P,5BB,3309,and Leon Millt,were selected as test materials.The cumulative water loss rate of isolated one-year-old shoots was measured,and combined with field investigation of grape rootstock survival rate and drying rate of isolated one-year-old shoots,the drought resistance of different grape rootstock varieties was evaluated.A high and low temperature alternation test chamber was used to simulate low temperatures,with temperature gradients set at 4℃(control),−15℃,−20℃,−25℃,and−30℃.Physiological and biochemical indicators including relative conductivity,malondialdehyde,free proline,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins of different grape rootstock one-year-old shoots were measured,and the cold resistance of different grape rootstocks was comprehensively evaluated using the subordinate function method.[Results]The drought resistance of different grape rootstocks from strongest to weakest was as follows:3309>161-490>196-17>Leon Millt>420Bmgt>44-53ma>Riparia>110R>1103P>SO4>101-14>41Bmgt>5BB>Rupestris du Lot;As the treatment temperature decreased,the cold resistance indexes of different grape rootstock shoots generally increased,but there were differences among different varieties.According to the comprehensive analysis of the affiliation function,the cold resistance of grape rootstocks from strongest to weakest was as follows:SO4>196-17>Leon Millt>5BB>Riparia>44-53ma>420Bmgt>1103P>3309>110R>Rupestris du Lot>101-14>41Bmgt>161-490.[Conclusion]Riparia,196-17,44-53ma,and Leon Millt have strong drought resistance and cold resistance and can be used as unburied grape rootstocks in the north-west region of the country.