基于公差与运动精度的零件装配工艺设计

Part Assembly Process Design Based on Tolerance and Motion Accuracy

在现代制造工业中,零件装配工艺对于产品性能与可靠性具有重要影响。然而,由于零件制造和加工过程中不可避免的误差与偏差,装配过程中可能会出现困难和不良现象,如卡死、松动等。本研究通过对零件制造与装配过程中的公差分析,结合运动学与动力学原理,提出了一种综合考虑公差与运动精度的工艺设计方法。研究结果表明,曲轴安装孔尺寸公差对装配影响最大,贡献23.92%。优化后,拉杆运动轨迹误差在-0.032 mm至+0.023 mm,达到了91.45%精度要求。通过考虑公差与运动精度的工艺设计方法,使得零件间的配合更加精准,从而减少了装配过程中的不良现象,这一研究在提高装配精度和效率方面具有良好的应用前景。

In the modern manufacturing industry,the part assembly process has an important impact on product performance and reliability.However,due to the unavoidable errors and deviations in the manufacturing and processing of parts,difficulties and undesirable phenomena,such as jamming and loosening,may occur in the assembly process.In this study,through the tolerance analysis of the parts manufacturing and assembly process,combined with the kinematics and dynamics principles,a process design method with comprehensive consideration of tolerance and motion accuracy is proposed.The research results show that the crankshaft mounting hole size tolerance has the greatest influence on assembly,contributing 23.92%.After optimisation,the error of tie rod motion trajectory is from-0.032 mm to+0.023 mm,which meets the 91.45%accuracy requirement.By considering the process design method of tolerance and motion accuracy,it makes the fit between parts more accurate,which reduces the defective phenomena in the assembly process,and this research has a good application prospect in improving the assembly accuracy and efficiency.