洁净手术室气流组织效果的影响因素综述

Factors influencing air distribution effect in clean operating rooms:A comprehensive review

我国医院建设规模庞大、分布广泛,就医人数居世界第一,医疗洁净手术室空气洁净技术发展迅速。手术室的气流组织是其空气洁净技术的重要方面,与手术部位感染的关系一直存在争议。本文对手术室中的气流组织形式进行了综述。研究表明,层流通风和温控气流通风在去除携带细菌的颗粒方面具有优势,且层流通风对飞沫的控制能力更强。本文梳理了手术室内人员数量和位置、手术人员的动作和流动、医用设备的数量和发热量、人员着装和手术台次等因素对气流组织效果的影响。发现手术人员的动作和流动是相关研究的热点,气流组织与手术人员、患者热舒适的关联仍有待深入。未来研究方向包括手术室内局部气流组织与手术微环境空气质量的定量关系、新型气流组织形式和末端、个性化通风与手术人员热舒适等。

China has a vast and widespread hospital construction scale,with the highest number of patients seeking medical care in the world.As a result,the air purification technology in medical clean operating rooms is developing rapidly.The air distribution in operating rooms is an important aspect of their air purification technology and has been a subject of ongoing debate regarding its relationship with surgical site infections.This article provides a comprehensive review of the various forms of air distribution in operating rooms.Researches indicate that the laminar ventilation and the temperature-controlled airflow ventilation have advantages in removing particles carrying bacteria,with laminar ventilation demonstrating stronger control over droplets.This article also examines the impact of factors such as the number and positioning of personnel in the operating room,the movements and walking of personnel,the quantity and heat generation of medical equipment,personnel attire,and the number of surgeries on the effectiveness of air distribution.It identifies that the movements and walking of surgical personnel are key research areas,and the connection between air distribution and the thermal comfort of surgical personnel and patients warrants further investigation.Future research directions include quantifying the relationship between local air distribution in the operating room and air quality in the surgical microenvironment,exploring new forms of air distribution and terminal devices,and considering personalized ventilation and the thermal comfort of surgical personnel.