汽车乘员舱空调热舒适测试与评价方法

Testing and evaluation methods for thermal comfort of air conditioning in automobile cabins

在节约能源的前提下,优化乘员舱热环境、提升驾乘人员舒适性是汽车热管理的研究重点之一。随着电动汽车市场占有率的增长,乘员舱热舒适受到了更多的关注。本文综述了汽车乘员舱环境热舒适评价方法。首先,阐述了乘员舱热环境的瞬态非均匀特征及其与人员热舒适的关联。其次,介绍了多种热舒适模型的原理,包括PMV-PPD模型、等效均匀温度(EHT)模型、多节点多节段热舒适模型,并从模型输入/输出参数对汽车乘员舱热舒适评价的适用性等方面进行了对比分析。再次,介绍了乘员舱热环境测试及仿真方法,着重对比了暖体假人和空调假人在乘员舱热环境评价中的适用性。最后,基于本文所提出的评价方法,使用空调假人开展实车测试,对乘员舱环境热舒适进行了评价。

Under the premise of saving energy,optimizing the thermal environment of automobile cabins and improving the occupant comfort is one of the research focuses of automotive thermal management.With the growth of the market share of electric vehicles,the thermal comfort of automobile cabins has received more attention.This paper reviews the methods for evaluating the thermal comfort of automobile cabin environments.Firstly,the transient non-uniform characteristic of the automobile cabin thermal environment and its correlation with personnel thermal comfort are described.Secondly,the principles of various thermal comfort models are presented,including the PMV-PPD model,the equivalent homogeneous temperature(EHT)model,and the multi-node multi-segment thermal comfort model,and the applicability of the model input/output parameters to the thermal comfort evaluation of automobile cabins is compared and analysed.Thirdly,the automobile cabin thermal environment testing and simulation methods are presented,focusing on comparing the applicability of the warm body dummy and the air conditioning dummy in the automobile cabin thermal environment evaluation.Finally,based on the evaluation method proposed in this paper,a real-vehicle test is conducted using the air conditioning dummy to evaluate the thermal comfort of the automobile cabin environment.