基于多源遥感数据的耕地生态系统稳定性评价——以汾河流域为例

Evaluation of the cultivated land ecosystem stability based on multi-source remote sensing data-A case study of Fenhe River Basin

从汾河流域耕地外源胁迫视角出发,基于多源遥感数据获取土壤侵蚀、沙化、盐渍化、污染、遥感生态指数和植被生产力等监测指标.构建胁迫—抵抗—响应框架下动态稳定性评价模型,分析耕地生态系统稳定性的时空演变特征.运用两维图论聚类对耕地进行分区,并提出相应调控措施.结果显示:(1)2011~2021年,晋中盆地及其东北部所属的部分县区受土壤污染、盐渍化程度加重的影响较大,外源胁迫值略微上升,其他地区则以外源胁迫值降低为主,占耕地总面积的91.66%;抵抗值上升明显,98.69%的耕地处于上升状态,在空间格局上基本形成以晋中盆地和临汾盆地为双核心的增长区;83.13%的耕地处于响应值上升状态,下降区则集中在晋中盆地及东北部.(2)耕地生态系统稳定性总体明显上升,99.06%的耕地处于稳定性增加状态,晋中盆地以稳定性略微上升为主,下游临汾盆地及河谷地区则以显著上升为主,区域之间的稳定性差异逐渐缩小,核心原因是生态环境质量的提高.(3)基于稳定性及其内涵指标,将研究区划分为黄土丘陵—核心治理区、晋中盆地—都市农业区、灵霍山峡—生态保障区、临汾盆地—保育缓冲区和河谷平原—稳产增产区,据此提出差异化的耕地保护管理措施.研究结果可为提升耕地生态系统稳定性提供科学依据.

This study was initiated from the perspective of exogenous stresses on cultivated land in the Fenhe River Basin.Multiple remote sensing data sources were utilized to obtain monitoring indicators such as soil erosion,desertification,salinization,pollution,remote sensing ecological index,and vegetation productivity.A dynamic stability evaluation model within the framework of stress-resistance-response was constructed,analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land ecosystem stability.Cultivated land was partitioned using two-dimensional graph theory clustering,and corresponding control measures were proposed.The results show that:(1)From 2011 to 2021,certain counties in the Jinzhong Basin and its northeast experienced a significant exacerbation of soil pollution and salinization.The exogenous stress values increased slightly in these areas,while in other regions,a decrease in exogenous stress values predominated,accounting for 91.66%of the total farmland area.Resistance values exhibited a noticeable increase,with 98.69%of cultivated land experiencing an upward trend.Spatially,a basic pattern emerged,with the Jinzhong Basin and Linfen Basin forming dual core growth areas.83.13%of cultivated land experienced an increase in response values,while declining areas were concentrated in the Jinzhong Basin and its northeast.(2)The cultivated land ecosystem stability increased markedly,with 99.06%of cultivated land experiencing an enhancement.Stability in the Jinzhong Basin showed a slight increase,whereas downstream areas such as the Linfen Basin and river valleys exhibited a significant increase.The disparity in stability between regions gradually diminished,primarily due to improvements in the ecological environment quality.(3)Based on stability and its intrinsic indicators,the study area was divided into the Loess Hilly Area-core governance zone,Jinzhong Basin-urban agricultural zone,Linghuo Mountain Gorge-ecological safeguard zone,Linfen Basin-conservation buffer zone,and River Valley Plain-stable and productive zone.Differential cultivated land protection and management measures were proposed accordingly.The research findings can provide a scientific basis for enhancing the stability of the cultivated land ecosystem.