云南山区旱地稻田蛴螬组成结构及空间分布特征

09Composition structure and spatial distribution of white grubs in upland rice field in Yunnan

【目的】明确云南省山区旱地稻田蛴螬种类组成、种群空间分布型及抽样方法,为云南山区旱地稻田蛴螬类害虫的预测预报及综合防控提供参考依据。【方法】选择云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡蒿枝坝村、哈果马村和诺国村3个主要旱地稻种植区为试验地点,于2022和2023年采用五点取样法对旱地稻田中的蛴螬种类进行系统调查及鉴定;通过聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析、Taylor幂函数法及种群聚集均数分析不同试验点旱地稻田蛴螬空间分布型和聚集原因,并基于空间分布结果,拟合建立理论抽样和序贯抽样模型。【结果】云南省普洱市澜沧县3个试验地点的旱地稻田共发现9种蛴螬,隶属于3科6属,其中黑阿鳃金龟(Apogonia cupreoviridis)和东方绢金龟(Maladera orientalis)是主要的优势种,相对丰度分别为30.91%和24.18%。聚集度指标法、Iwao回归分析及Taylor幂法结果显示,2022和2023年蒿枝坝村、哈国马村和诺国村的蛴螬空间分布型均表现为聚集分布(α<0,β>1);聚集均数λ值均大于2,表明昆虫本身的生活习性和环境气候、土壤湿度、植株生长状况等因素是影响旱地稻田蛴螬个体聚集的主要因素。通过建立理论抽样和序贯抽样模型可知,当允许误差D为0.3,蒿枝坝村、哈国马村和诺国村的虫口密度均为2头/m^(2)时,2022年所需的理论抽样数分别为353、393和155 m^(2),2023年所需抽样数为76、44和49 m^(2)。【结论】云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡3个村的旱地稻种植田蛴螬共有9种,主要优势种为黑阿鳃金龟和东方绢金龟。蛴螬种群在田间呈聚集分布,引起聚集的原因是昆虫本身的生活习性和环境气候、土壤湿度、植株生长状况等因素。

【Objective】To identify the species composition,population spatial distribution pattern and sampling method of white grubs in upland rice field of mountain area in Yunnan,which provided a reference for the prediction and comprehensive control of white grubs in upland rice field.【Method】The white grub population was systematically investi-gated and identified by five-point sampling method in 2022 and 2023 in three main upland rice growing areas,Haozhiba Village,Haguoma Village and Nuoguo Village of Zhutang Township,Lancang County,Pu’er City,Yunnan Province.Aggregation index method,Iwao regression analysis,Taylor power function method and population aggregation mean were used to analyze the spatial distribution patterns and aggregation reasons of white grubs in different experimental sites.Based on the spatial distribution results,theoretical sampling and sequential sampling models were formed.【Result】A total of 9 species of white grubs belonging to 6 genera and 3 families were found in 3 experimental sites in Lancang County,Pu’er City,Yunnan Province.Apogonia cupreoviridis and Maladera orientalis were the dominant species.The relative abundances were 30.91%and 24.18%,respectively.The aggregation index method,Iwao regression analysis and Taylor power analysis showed that the spatial distributions of white grub in Haozhiba Village,Haguoma Village and Nuoguo Village in 2022 and 2023 were all aggregation distributions(α<0,β>1).And the aggregation meanλvalues were greater than 2,the results showed that the living habits of insects,environmental climate,soil moisture and plant growth were the main factors affecting the aggregation of grubs in upland rice field.Through the establishment of theoretical sampling and sequential sampling model,when the allowable error D was 0.3 and the white grub population density in Haozhiba Village,Haguoma Village and Nuoguo Village was 2 insects/m^(2),the required theoretical sampling numbers were 353,393 and 155 m^(2) in 2022,and 76,44 and 49 m^(2) in 2023 respectively.【Conclusion】A total of 9 white grub species are found in upland rice fields in 3 villages of Zhutang Township,Lancang County,Pu’er City,Yunnan Province.The main dominant species are A.cupreoviridis and M.orientalis,and the grub populations are all aggregated in the field in indi-vidual groups,which are caused by the living habits of insects,environmental climate,soil moisture and plant growth conditions.