芴基、酰亚胺基和萘基聚合物气体分离膜的研究进展

Research progress on polymeric membranes containing fluorenyl,imide and naphthyl groups for gas separation

聚合物链间距和链刚度是影响聚合物膜对气体渗透性能的决定因素,刚性基团(如芴基、酰亚胺基及萘基)引入聚合物链中,基于其大体积和扭曲结构能够有效阻碍分子链堆积,从而降低分子链堆积密度,使聚合物具有较高的自由体积,能有效改善膜对气体的渗透选择性。本文综述了近5年含芴基、酰亚胺基和萘基聚合物在气体分离中的研究,按结构分类,详细介绍了三类聚合物的合成以及膜对气体的选择性,分析了影响气体选择性的主要因素。最后,综合现有刚性聚合物的特点,从改性高气体渗透性低选择性材料、改性生物基材料及制备复合混合基质膜等角度出发,展望了此类材料的未来发展趋势,为制备高性能气体分离膜提供参考。

The inter-polymer chain spacing and polymer chain stiffness are the determining factors for gas permeation properties,the introduction of rigid groups(fluorenyl,imide and naphthyl)into the polymer chain can effectively improve gas permselectivity due to the presence of large volume and rigid twisted groups in polymers can inhibit interchain stacking of relatively rigid chains(i.e.,increase free volume fraction)and reduce rotational mobility around flexible links(i.e.,increase stiffness).In this paper,the recent five years studies on membranes based on polymer containing fluorenyl,imide and naphthyl group materials in the field of gas separation were reviewed.These researches were classified by the structure of polymer materials that make up the membranes and introduced in terms of synthesis,gas selectivity and the main factor affecting the selectivity.Finally,based on the characteristics of rigid polymers,the application of rigid polymer materials should be expanded in terms of the modification of existing materials with high gas permeability and low selectivity,the modification of bio-based materials and the preparation of composite membranes,providing a reference for the preparation of gas separation membranes with high performance in the future.