印度莫迪政府的“全球南方”外交转向

Modi Government’s Global South Diplomacy

近些年来,印度外交转向日益明显,既维持并深化与美西方的合作,更加大了对“全球南方”的战略投入,重置对“全球南方”外交的目标定位,多层面推进与“全球南方”的交流合作。莫迪政府希望以“西南方大国”身份,在西方发达国家和“全球南方”国家之间充当中间人,借助美对华战略竞争加剧等带来的外部机遇,在国际事务中发挥更重要的作用。莫迪政府这种“全球南方”外交收到了一定的效果,促进了印度与南方国家的互利合作及全球形象的改善,有利于“全球南方”加强团结和提升整体的国际影响力,但也存在不少问题,尤其是对周边邻国的霸权主义和现实主义行为取向仍较明显,自身发展也受到诸多因素的制约,这些都会妨碍其“全球南方”外交议程的推进与目标实现。

India’s diplomacy is maintaining and enhancing cooperation with the United States and the West,augmenting strategic investments in the Global South,realigning the objective of the Global South diplomacy,and fostering exchanges and cooperation with the Global South on multiple platforms.The Modi government aspires to assume an increasingly crucial role in international affairs as a“Southwestern power,”serving as an intermediary between Western developed nations and countries in the Global South,capitalizing on the external opportunities generated by the escalating competition between China and the United States.Although the Global South diplomacy of the Modi government has realized certain achievements,fostered mutually beneficial collaborations between India and countries in Global South and enhanced its global image,which is conducive to reinforcing the unity of the Global South and amplifying its overall international clout,there are also numerous challenges,particularly concerning the pursuit of leadership.Rather than sincerely assuming the leading role of emerging powers,India’s hegemonic and realist behavior towards neighboring countries remains significant,and its own growth and development are also confronted with numerous constraints,which may impede the in-depth advancement of its Global South diplomatic agenda and the realization of strategic objectives.